Is artificial intelligence possible? Essay -- Computer Science

Is slushy intelligence possible?IS A.I. POSSIBLE?In the science fiction film, The Terminator order by James Cameron,the electronic data processors in the movie get smart and rise up against their humanmasters. In other words, the data processors in the movie were able to proceed independent of their programmers and developed a kind ofartificial intelligence (A.I.). This essay will prove that in reallife, computers will never realize artificial intelligence, and tooeven though functionalism is based on an analogy between humans andcomputers, it is an effective way to describe the interaction betweenthe mind and body. twain essays will be evaluated in this essay. Thefirst essay was called Can Computers Think? by John Searle whichrejects the theory of A.I. The second essay was called Escaping fromthe Chinese Room by Margret Boden, which supports A.I.A functionalist view of the mind is one that draws an analogy betweenthe functioning of the human encephalon and the functioning of the digitalcomputer. The strongest view says that the mind and the brain atomic number 18 justdigital computers. This is called strong A.I., which is a term coinedby John Searle.American Hilary Putnam was one of the first to make the analogybetween the brain and the computer Putnam said it made no more senseto compare the mind and the brain then to compare the software withthe hardware of a computer. He also made the point that psychologistswere like programmers and electrical engineers were like physicians.Putnam also made the point not to take the analogy too far. There are of the essence(predicate) differences between computers and humans. One of thedifferences Putnam felt was that all humans were able to learn fromtheir experience and so change their own program but few computerscould do that unaided Hilary Putnam also argued against identifyingpsychological events with neurophysiologic events, and even againstthe attempt to do so. He felt mapping the brain to the mind was awa ste of time.Jerry Fodor was another soundly known functionalist. Fodor, like Putnamfelt that functionalism alleviated many of the problems associatedwith other mind body theories. These other mind body theories includedCartesian Dualism, materialism, behaviorism and the personal identity theory.Cartesian Dualism is the theory that that the mind and the brain aretwo separate things... ... as these are products of peoplenot brains. She tries to demonstrate that the robot and the humanbrain are the same, in that they are both made up of small very stupidparts which build into a collective brain that is satisfactory ofunderstandingThe fact that a certain light sensitive cell can respond to intensitygradients and that one neuron can inhibit the bagging of anotherProblem with this explanation is that now instead of input from akeyboard, the robot now receives its information from its sensors. Theinput will still be bear upon programming in the CPU of the robot.Boden did not disprove Searles point that the syntax of a program isnot sufficient for understanding of a digital computer system. Bodencould not show that non-biological entity did have understanding, butshe did show that Searles argument on this point was a little weakbecause it relied on in tuition. The functionalism theory was shown tobe an attractive theory a long as it was not taken too literally.Consequently it was shown in this essay that due to syntactical natureof computer programs and the computers lack of causal powers neededfor a machine to have mental states.

What Sort Of A King Was Duncan? :: essays research papers

We were not told an awful lot about Duncan in Shakespeares Macbeth. He had very a few(prenominal) lines, and appeared on only a few occasions. Despite this, I was able to gather a fair idea of Duncans character, through the interpretation of messages hidden within the text.Duncan was a kind and salutary man. There are several seg workforcets of the play that show this as I prolong demonstrated below.Duncan is an extremely trustworthy King of his fellow men. He trusts his men with his life, his children, his throne, and most highly, his kingdom. He has no other choice but to trust these men. "The service and loyalty throne and state, children and servants, Which do but what they should by doing everything Safe toward your experience and honour"Macbeth I.iv.22-27We see how he surpasses a blind eye to the people who serve him. He cannot judge them in anyway, for he thinks of them as pure and ingenuous as himself. He also thought that Macbeth is a true man to him. Later on, we see how his judgment has not served him well."He was a gentleman on whom I built An absolute trust" I.iii.14-15Duncan regards his fellow men rather highly. He often praises their work and service to himself and his kingdom(1)     "Welcome hither. I have begun to plant thee, and will labour To make thee full of growing. -Noble Banquo, That hast no less deserved, nor must be known No less to have done so, let me infold thee, And hold thee to my heart." I.iv.27-32(2)     "My worthy Cawdor" To Macbeth I.iv.49(3)     "True, worthy Banquo he is full so valiant, And his commendations I am fed It is a banquet to me. Lets after him, Whose heraldic bearing is gone before to bid us welcome. It is a peerless kinsman.(4)     "Give me your hand Conduct me to mine host. We love him highly, And shall continue our graces towards him" Talking about Macbeth I.iiv.28-30(5)  & nbsp  "How you shall bid graven image ield us for your pains, And thank us for your trouble" I.vii.13-14Duncan represents the purest of all beings.

Essay --

Myths get plan in man unbeknowest to him1 As a structuralist, Levi-Strauss offers a number of important reinterpretations of the kinds of ideological thought and pr lay outice with symbolic anthropology, indoors his analysis of the four Winnebago myths, he sheds light on how change within myth reflects Winnebago society universally. Within each of these myths, the means one goes about living their life determines what happens to them after their life on earth comes to an end. Through using Levi- Strauss analysis of each of the four myths, I am going to demonstrate how spiritual change occurs within the Winnebago goal and since structure is entirely relational ... any content can only arise for us out of the form the kinship, mythological, or social structures with which anthropology confronts us. Structuralism is in a way, attempting to create codes by means of which to communicate. To be able to understand our own culture it is simply dialectic, this is as it is content for our own society yet when looking at alien cultures it can only be structural containing acquaintance of- and, as such part of the subjectivity of our own society which communicates to us the objectivity of another. The chapter, which I am evaluating, is primarily based on myths collected by Radin whilst creating his ethnography of the Winnebago culture. Levi-Strauss chose myths that are all of the same belief but they differ sparingly in their forms the person experiences death but each form differs slightly in each myth, which further develops through the ability to renew lives through the act of heroic traits. Within the first myth, warriors die in battle fend for their tribe. This highlights the concept of the capital of life... ...ve that is ambivilant spirits combining good and evil features. So ends the myth. Levi-Strauss concludes that that this myth highlights the Winnebago believe that those who live extraordinary lives, yet have qualities that are negative, bequeath n either live nor die. Through the use of cross analysis, Levi- Strauss was able to theorise how the people of the Winnebagos interpret and experience how the change affects the spirit of these people. In only engage the betterment of the group and not as an individual within the society you are rewarded by the spiritual world, which in turn affects the way in which the members of these tribes act as they would be punished, which we see with the transformation from human to animal. He demonstrates how we can grasp a good source of information from the symbols that are represented within the culture.1 Strauss, Levi,

Atticus as a Wise Father in To Kill a Mockingbird :: Character Analysis, Literary Analysis

Lastly, I think that as a father, genus Atticus is super wise. Atticuss wise parenting ultimately wins his childrens respect and trust, and their devotion to him runs deep. Atticus way of parenting is not typical, much(prenominal) as scolding and punishing. Instead, he parenting flair is unique, different from other fathers and he is able to help the children learn from their experiences and thus they progress through levels of honourableity until they develop the compassionate ability to consider from others billet and views . For example, when scout takes up cussing, Atticus does not deal with the situation directly by reprimanding and chiding her. Instead, he leaves her to cuss, knowing fully that it would just make her vagabond more. However in time, sentry realises on her own that it is not a right thing to do. I feel what Atticus did was intelligent as Scout may choose to rebel if Atticus interfered too much, and she might even hate him. However by letting her realise he r own mistake, she will break away to mature as an teenager and be a better person. Atticuss lessons are also taught by setting good examples for his children. By playing the same way that he wants his children to act, he is the perfect role model for them. He is wise as he is able to set ideal examples for his children by his actions such as defending his clients and treating others. By using this method of teaching, he is able to quietly and subtly pass on wisdom to his children about life, moral values and other virtues. Instead of talking more, he prefers to show.(EVIDENCE, ELABORATE) Also, Atticus is not a type of father who would love his children dearly all the time. At times, he will be firm and teach them harsh lessons about life when necessary. This is evident when he took Jem along with him to tell Helen Robinson about Tom Robinsons death. This way, Atticus allows Jem to learn lessons about prejudice and other principles in life. Also, throughout the novel, Atticus wor ks to develop his childrens respective consciences and character, through teaching vital lessons with objectives, such as though humanity has a great capability of evil and wrong doings, it also has a great capacity for good. Also, the evil can be looked upon as good, if one approaches things with an outlook of compassion and understanding, instead of hatred, thus his objective is to teach them to be more compassionate and gracious towards others in life.

John Miltons Paradise Lost Essay -- Epic Biblical Poems Blind Faith E

John Miltons Paradise Lost Freedom (free will) is the absence of imposed behavior.Individual freedom is obviously attractive, but when there is realfreedom of choice, the abuse choice is the one that is made - such asthe choice made by Satan who although he can be admired for his havingdared to rebel against the norm, is non heroic for having chosen toplot against God. Free will was given to man in order to be able tochoose the faith since in the absence of free will, there is no way totest faith. The more tested we are, the closer we are to God althoughwhether we truly exercise free will is obscure since perhaps itis simply enforced via the threat of punishment upon transgression. Inany event, despite the sanctions, man continues to disobey.Paradise Lost begins in medias res, i.e. in the middle of the deedand from line 1, the association is made to the consequences ofsinning (disobedience). Such is the responsibility of free will. Themotivation to sin is the associated pleasure of fulfilling individualdesires. Disobedience leads directly to punishment. It is important to bank line however that there is no fulfilment with transgression since thefeelings associated with this fulfilment disappear before they caneven be apprehended while the punishment lasts. Milton for certain knew allabout since as a puritan, he was a great believer of penance. It wasalso believed by Protestants at the time that without deprivationduring life, there was no ascent to Heaven upon death.Satans flaw in one word was pride. For any true protestant, this is aterrible sin since any achievement is directly imputable to God andnot to the man in question. Milton identifies pride as the cardinalsin b... ...ms throughoutParadise Lost that this simple equation might cause since God is goodand Charles II can be compared to God then logically it can bededucted that he is also good. Conversely, in the poem, we arrive atthe conclusion that Satan is bad and this time, since milton compar escromwell to Satan then it would seem logical to deduce that cromwellis also bad. However, this equation does not hold up to closereassessment and in this way, it is evident that in fact, this is a testsince we should properly analyse the facts and not simply acceptthings at face value because they seem right. He encourages us to makeour own investiations and make informed, knowledgable decisions.Consequently, it cannot be simply stated that all monarchs are goodsince such sweeping statements are false and it is indigenous toproperly examine each separate individual.

John Miltons Paradise Lost Essay -- Epic Biblical Poems Blind Faith E

John Miltons Paradise garbled Freedom (free will) is the absence of imposed behavior.Individual freedom is obviously attractive, precisely when there is realfreedom of choice, the wrong choice is the one that is made - such(prenominal) asthe choice made by Satan who although he sewer be admired for his havingdared to rebel against the norm, is not heroic for having chosen toplot against God. Free will was given to man in order to be adequate tochoose the faith blunder outce in the absence of free will, there is no way totest faith. The more tested we are, the closer we are to God althoughwhether we sincerely yours exercise free will is questionable since perhaps itis simply enforced via the threat of punishment upon transgression. Inany event, despite the sanctions, man continues to disobey.Paradise mixed-up begins in medias res, i.e. in the middle of the actionand from line 1, the association is made to the consequences ofsinning (disobedience). Such is the responsibility of free will. Themotivation to sin is the associated pleasure of fulfilling unmarrieddesires. Disobedience leads directly to punishment. It is important tonote however that there is no fulfilment with transgression since thefeelings associated with this fulfilment disappear before they caneven be apprehended while the punishment lasts. Milton surely knew allabout since as a puritan, he was a great believer of penance. It wasalso believed by Protestants at the time that without deprivationduring life, there was no ascent to Heaven upon death.Satans flaw in one word was pride. For any true protestant, this is aterrible sin since any achievement is directly attributable to God andnot to the man in question. Milton identifies pride as the cardinalsin b... ...ms throughoutParadise Lost that this simple equation might work since God is goodand Charles II can be compared to God then logically it can bededucted that he is also good. Conversely, in the poem, we arrive atthe conclusion that S atan is bad and this time, since milton comparescromwell to Satan then it would seem logical to deduce that cromwellis also bad. However, this equation does not hold up to closeinspection and in this way, it is evident that in fact, this is a testsince we should properly analyse the facts and not simply acceptthings at face value because they seem right. He encourages us to makeour own investiations and make informed, knowledgable decisions.Consequently, it cannot be simply stated that all monarchs are goodsince such sweeping statements are false and it is primordial toproperly examine each separate individual.

Children and Technology

Ashraf Islam Okanagan College English 100-003 6 February 2013 Children and Technology Since the early Twenty First Century, there has been abundant advancement in applied science, art objecticularly in the field of computers that ar developing faster than even the blinking of our snappers. Simultaneously, applied science has become a vital part of our daily lives. Most of our activities are the part and product of engine room starting from the way we receive our pertlys through various websites and digital newspapers, paying bills online, move and receiving email, and finding research information all on the Internet.More than 500 million multitude communicate and keep in touch with friends through online social networking (Hatch). As adults became increasingly much dependent and absorbed by technology, it is likely that the shaverren of today have become enthusiastic users as well. Laptops and smart phones are being essential for children as young as five to ten years ol d. Since the minds of the children are complex and insensitive, there is indeed anxiety among many adults about how these technologies can begin about changes in childrens social life.As Hutchby and Ellis said both childhood and technology to be accorded an unproblematic status, each treated as having a static and self-evident existence as there is a straightforward impact of one upon another(1). Specifically, childrens engagement with internet social sites and violent games has generated goodish concern and additionally mass media observations and discussion. There is an obvious argument that childrens exposure to these technologies allow for process them to cope with proximo challenges that they will no enquiry encounter in their careers.While on the other hand, it is argued that children who are using technology are becoming more indolent, unappreciative and more prone to health related to problem. Nonetheless, access to certain technology under right guidance is a criti cal component for todays children not only to gain a better grasp of modern education thereby preparing them for the future challenge but likewise to improve their social development and health. In the absence of proper technological knowledge, Children will not learn the skills that will essentially help them to compete in todays world that is progressively more relying on new technological inventions.There have been several studies on the positive impact that technology has on children in the field of education. It has been observed that introducing SMART board technology in the classroom can act as catalyst to increase students motivation and to enhance communication between teachers and students. According to the result of a 40-year retroactive study done by Concordia University in Canada, introducing technology in the class does have a positive impact on younger minds.Newer and more cultivate applications of technology produce even greater positive impact iPads, for instance , enable portable creativity and make education fun, which is always a good abbreviate (Techvibe). professor Richard Schmid, chairman of the education department at Concordia said Where technology does have a positive impact is when it actively engages students, when its used as a communication tool, when its used for things like simulations or games that enable students to actively manipulate the environment(Techvibes).According to Dr. Joseph J. Kerski, who is an statement Industry Curriculum Development Manager on the Education Team in Denver, Colorado, USA (Esri), implementation of the Geographic Information System (GIS) software in over 1,000 high schools across the nation has significantly increase students motivation, communication and learning, especially on the part of visual and non-traditional learners. Technology prepares students at a young age for the workforce. This skill is becoming more and more of a vital in our technically advanced society.According to the US Dep artment of Commerce, sixty portion of jobs today require technological skills, and this is expected to increase to ninety percent in the next fifty years (Hatch). Todays parents are more concerned about the emerging social networking sites that are occupying the minds of most of the children of this generation. Children acquire expose to uncensored materials and sensitive issues on the internet and cases like online bulling and harassment which can cause devastated situation like committing suicide are likely to puddle such fear around them.However, new research in this regard has discovered that technology can actually act as a new medium for children to increase and maintain a good social connection among their relatives and friends. It can provide a virtual platform to shape their identity by demonstrating their knowledge and creativity. Sites like Facebook, Tweeter, MySpace, YouTube and Skype have become childrens new virtual park where they can make new friends, play games w ith each other and hold new pages or videos to share their ideas and perception.In general, these social sites have become a way for people of all ages to connect and keep in touch with people they already know, instead of forming bonds with new people. This medium is also helping them to involuntarily improving their technological abilities by exposing them to various skills like communication, typing speed, hand and eye coordination, basic software knowledge and gathering information for research. Over use of these mediums can always be monitored and controlled by parents if they are concern about their children.Larry D. Rosen, PhD, Professor of Psychology at California State University, Dominguez Hills, who did a research on the impact of social networking sites on children, said Parents are encouraged to assess their childs activities on social networking sites, and discuss removing inappropriate content or connections to people who appear problematic. Parents also need to pay attention to the online trends and the latest technologies websites and applications children are using (APA).Its undeniable that these social media have changed the landscape of the socializing process especially among the young people and uses of these are likely to increase more in coming years. Exer bid technologies like Kinect and Nintando Wii that require players to perform physical activities in order to play a game have become popular in recent years not only among the children but also adults. Unlike traditional video games, which are more sedentary based, this new gaming technology requires lot of physical movement to win.Well known of these games are Wii Sports, in which children and adults can play virtual games, such as tennis and baseball, and Just Dance for the Kinnect. A game highly geared toward exercise is Wii Fit Plus, which includes activities for yoga, aerobics, and balance improvement it also allows users to chart their progress and see how well they are improv ing (Hatch). It also helps parents to spend some time with their children which are also an essential part of their social development.Even though exergames should not replace real life exercising, this new gaming technology is proven to be a new way to motivate children to do exercise more frequently producing a positive effects on health and fitness (FITDAY). With growing concern about children suffering from obesities, it is noteworthy that exergaming can significantly help by burning off some calories resulting in weight loss thereby improving body coordination and movements.Technology has become an integral part of our lives and society and it is likely to be there with us for the rest our lives. It will be ever evolving and advanced and keeping up and staying will be the challenge. Since everything in this world is some way or the other connected to technologies, considering technology a hindrance for todays children is impractical notion. Indeed, technologies can have negativ e impacts but good parenting and proper guidance by teachers can help the children to gain the benefits out of the technologies around them.Since the children of this generation will be valuable resource for the future, proper use of technologies and getting the maximum benefits out these to prepare them for the future should be an important priority for all of us. Works Cited Social Networkings Good and Bad Impacts on Kids American Psychological Association. American Psychological Association, 6 August. 2011. Web. 15 Feb 2013. The Benefits of Exergaming for Kids FITDAY. InternetBrands, n. d. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. The Esri Education Team Esri. Esri Headquarters,n. d. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. Hatch, Kristina E.. Determining the Effects of Technology on Children (2011). Senior Honors Projects. Paper 260. http//digitalcommons. uri. edu/srhonorsprog/260 Knowlton Thomas. Does Technology Have a arrogant Overall Effect on Classroom Learning? Canadian Study Says Yes Techvibe. Techvibes Media Inc. , 23 Feb. 2012. Web. 15 Feb. 2013. Mizen Phil ,Ian Hutchby,Jo Moran-Ellis,Christopher John Pole,Angela J. Bolton, ed(s). Children, Technology, and Culture The Impacts of Technologies in Childrens Everyday Lives The next of Childhood Series (illustrated). London Routledge, 2001. Web

Indebtedness

Indebtedness Today one can say it is near impossible to succeed without an education past the high school level. With universities cognise this the cost of attendance has raised drastically. Some may argue that taking out loans is well worth the long time debt that comes with it. Others may say loans ar not something they would recommend and would rather pay out of pocket. Wells Fargo, Bank of America, and US Bank(who is one of the only banks award scholarships based of random picks) are safe a few from of list of the top financial institutions to provide aid to students in America.Bank of America has implemented another comp each called Monster. They run a class that goes cross country to over 200 campuses and teach them about how to manage gold and budget for necessities. This includes credit cards and other loans from Bank of America. This program is easy to any student who wants the general knowledge and Dennis Morey states that Bank of America is committed to students and their long term success. Wells Fargo offers multiple pay support options and fifty-fifty allows students to have a cosigner just in case something isnt working for them.They offer call centers and help lines that provide you with plans on paying back loans and also encourage you that loans are not bad and could be stepping stones to a better future. Institutions such as Chase try to help ones financial spot by only allowing them the amount of tuition minus other aid. This insures that no one student has accepted a bigger responsibility than can be handled. This keeps the amount of debt that they could have down to a more controllable amount.They also exercise payback right away plans. This keeps a student from having such a heavy burden once they are finished with school and have moved on to a life after studies. SunTrust bank takes a assorted approach. Through the process of getting a student loan they take you through the necessary steps of seeing if you qualify for any schola rships and grant money this helps reduce the initial amount of money needed to attend a college our university.After that they check to see if you qualify for federal loans that may not have any interest. This helps students in the long run because what they borrow is what they have to pay back nothing more is added on. Sources http//www. suntrusteducation. com/PayingForCollege/Students/UnderGraduate. html http//www. chasestudentloans. com/ https//www. wellsfargo. com/student/ http//newsroom. bankofamerica. com/press-release/consumer-banking/monster-and-bank-america-promote-smart-money-management-skills-among-

Good Education

Advantages of a Good Education What is a right rearing? Some say a darling education consists of going to a good school, and trainting a mark. Yes, acquiring a degree is important, scarcely what good is it if it does not leads to good morals. A person can be the smartest person in the world, only if the persons behavior is bad, the good education never existed. For an education to be deemed good, it has to promote good morals. The good morals are gotten from matinee idols instructions. A good education is also an education that teaches responsibility.It makes one accountable for the things that happen in their life. It gives one a mindset that he/she does not have to rely on anybody. A good education involves getting a degree and at the same time learning what is mor entirelyy right in Gods eyes. Advantages of good education include one being able to view as care of his family, being able to herald effectively and respectively, and also it reduces the number of birth rat es. A good education gives someone the ability to quest care of their family.Due to the fact that getting a degree increases the chance for someone to get a high paying job, people do it for the wrong motives. Some people get a good education so that they can be selfish with the money they get with their degree. On the other hand, someone educated to behave chastely right would care to take care of the family that they have, and not just him. Even if the job is not high paying, a good education teaches one to show generosity at all time. Another advantage of a good education is that it also gives one the ability to talk effectively and respectively.To have a degree one essential have taken English and communication courses that are helpful in improving ones grammar and communication skills. What good is ones grammar he cannot hold a conversation with others? A good education makes one able to convey his opinion in an understandable manner. Most people who get their degrees still act disrespectful. These people graduate from colleges that are said to be good, and still use foul language. Is this kind of education good? A good education teaches people to talk to people around them with respect.People with good educations learn of the dangers in using abusive languages at people. A God that is perfectly moral would not support disrespect in any form. His (Gods) word says in Ephesians 429,Let no corrupting talk come out of your mouths, but only such as is good for building up, as fits the occasion, that it may give grace to those who hear. Since a good education involves teaching what is morally right in Gods eyes, a person with a good education would not try his best to control his language from being abusive.The final advantage of a good education is that it reduces the number of birth rates. Uneducated men and women are one of the main causes the high numbers in birth rate. These uneducated people cause unwanted births because they are not aware of the dang er of sex. Sex is not morally bad, but if it is not with a spouse it is a sin. A good education, since it goes according to the word of God, gives people the awareness that sex before marriage is a sin. The bible tells us that God will judge those who are sexually immoral.A good education therefore In conclusion, all these advantages to a good education can all be taught through the word of God (Bible). In addition, knowing all these actions mean nothing if they are not practiced. A person can know that they should take care of their families, talk respectively, and abstain from sexual immorality, but it does not mean the person will do these things. Someone might want to do this, but human nature makes the person do otherwise. A good education gives knowledge, but one is in charge of being practically wise.

Marie Ziegler of John Deere Essay

The characteristics of effective sustainable business leadership consist of having a vision of what the business is aiming to attain, seeing the value in the process and providing the leadership to attain the goal. The leadership starts with believing in yourself knowing that your capable of making your dreams come true. behind Deere was born on February 7,1804 in Rutland, Vermont. In 1836 John Deere travel to Grand Detour, Illinois to escape from depressing business conditions he had in Vermont. Capable and hard rangeing John Deere used his skills as a blacksmith were instantly in command. John Deere opened his shop in 1837 allowing him to operate as a general repairman as well as a manufacturer of petite tools such as pitchforks and shovels. Using a broken saw blade Deere created a plow in the year of 1837. By 1841, Deere produced 100 plows annually. Two geezerhood later became an alliance with Leonard Andrus to fabricate more plows to increase demand purchasing a new land for the building of a new two-story factory on base of the Rock River in Illinois. This factory produced about 400 plows in that same year. Regardless the success, Deeres alliance with Andrus finished in 1848, when Deere moved to Moline, Illinois which offered proceedss of water power, char and cheaper transportation than to be found in Grand Detour.In 1850, approximately 1600 plows were made, and the smart set was soon producing other tools to complement its steel plow. In 1858, Deere transferred leadership of the company to his son, Charles, who served as its vice president. John Deere retained the title of president of the company, but now turned his attention to civic and political activities. John Deere was active in public life throughout his c arr in Moline. Among other roles, he was a founder and president of the National Bank of Moline, was an active member of the commencement ceremony Congregational Church, and served as the citys mayor for two years. John Deere died on whitethorn 17, 1886, at his home in Moline. (Past Leaders , 2014). aft(prenominal) the last of John Deere the company was producing a collection of farm tools in addition to plows, plus wagons, corn planters, and cultivators. At the same time the company grow into the bicycle business during the 1890s, but the essential focus stayed on agricultural implements. Increasedcompetition during the early 1900s from the new International Harvester Company guide the company to expand its offerings in the implement business, but it was the production of gasoline tractors which would come to define Deere & Companys operations during the twentieth century.After Charles Deere death in 1907, William Butterworth Deere & Company new president started the business expansion into the tractor business. During the years John Deere has been increasing profits as well as production comely one of the best equipments for farming. According to Past Leaders (2014), (Deere & Company (NYSE DE) is a world leader in providing advanced products and services and is committed to the success of customers whose work is linked to the land those who cultivate, harvest, transform, enrich and build upon the land to meet the worlds dramatically increasing need for food, fuel, shelter and infrastructure.Since 1837, John Deere has delivered innovative products of topping quality, built on a tradition of integrity). As of 2014, Deere & Company employs approximately 67,000 people in 27 countries worldwide, including the United States, Australia, Turkey, Canada, United Kingdom, China, France, Germany, Spain, Italy, India, Poland, Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Morocco and South Africa, among many others and is the superlative agriculture machinery company in the world. Inside the United States, the companys primary locations be its administrative center in Moline, Illinois and manufacturing factories in central and south United States. (John Deere, 2014).Marie Z. Ziegler is Vice President and Trea surer for Deere & Company, a position shes held since November 2010. Ziegler is responsible for the companys worldwide treasury and investor relations activities. Ziegler fall in Deere & Company in 1978 as a consolidation accountant and has held management positions in finance, treasury operations, strategic planning and investor and banking relations. She served as Director of Investor Relations, and in May 2001, was appointed Vice President, Investor Relations for Deere & Company. (John Deere, 2014).The John Deere portfolio of businesses is varied, yet interrelated. Two of our businesses Agricultural and Construction equipment are in an excellent position to take advantage of global growth. Two additionalbusinesses Turf and Forestry equipment support and enhance worldwide channel development. And additional supporting businesses Financial Services, Power Systems, Parts Services, and the Intelligent Solutions convocation strengthen and differentiate our equipment businesses . Strategy. (2014).The key for John Deere success is having exceptional operating performance, disciplined SVA growth, and aligned high-performance teamwork. These factors direct success for this company as they are important for the future of John Deere as they leverage and create mettle strengths.. John Deere future successes will require more people working for them. For that reason, they are creating strength in four additional capabilities Deep Customer Understanding, Delivering Customer Value, World-class Distribution System, and Growing Extraordinary Global Talent. These additional success factors are critical in order to achieve sustainable SVA growth through global growth. Shareholder Value Added (SVA) the difference between operating profit and pretax live of capital is a metric used by John Deere to evaluate business results and measure sustainable performance. Why Invest. (2014).John Deere tracks their progress as they companion their growth goals by monitoring Perf ormance inflection and Health metrics. Performance metrics is the traditional financial measures based on what they deliver to their stakeholders. Health metrics is based on the companys success factors such as their qualities, attributes, and actions being introduced to ensure the sustainability of our performance over time. Measures of Success.(2014).The How is represented by John Deere core values of Integrity, Quality, Commitment, and Innovation. Customers can see the value of the products and processes. People recognize how John Deere manage an every day business, including the manner of how employees, customers,suppliers, dealers, and stakeholders are taken care of. John Deere core values define them as they come together and distinguish from competitors. John Deere commitment to these core values is optional, and never waivers. Core values.(2014).

Home School vs Public School Essay

Although both trick provide a good quality education to their students, at that place argon many differences between home schooldays and public school. Home school, (No comma needed) students do non work to answer to anyone, public school new(prenominal) are () teaching their children. This has been the biggest debate with parents, whether they want the socialization that comes from public school or the protection that comes from home school. (What about the individualized attention?) In a recent study done by the U.S Department of Education, 85 percent of homeschooled students were being done so, in part, beca exercise of their parents concern about the environment of public school. (Move the menstruation after the citation, so the citation becomes part of the sentence.) (Public school vs, 2008) (When you have a direct quote, you need to provide the page number where the quote appeared, as hale as the last name of the author if it is known, or the source title if the autho rs name is not known. If it is an electronic source without a page number, provide the paragraph number by counting paragraphs from the top of the page.)With so many pickaxes, many parents have chosen to home school their students either for caoutchouc or to have more control. With home school, thither are the same options as public school, meaning for academics. Home school seems want the best option when it comes to (concerning) their children, save we (We is first-person plural. The preferred perspective is third-person he, she, one, they, etc.) need to look at every detail. With home school on that point is a problem sometimes with the fact that (because) it does not offer materials for chemistry. With both home school and public school(,) they have the basics of subjects, for example science, history, math, and English. Now with home school there is a choice on how much a person can demand. Meaning that a child can scram their (child is singular, their is plural. Use hi s or her.) time with their education, or they can extend ahead. There is even a new study that suggests that home school students are more advanced than public school students. (Citation for this source.)With options for a student to take their time with their education, this can help students with learning disabilities to be able to completetheir school work without worry of falling behind With any school, safety is unendingly the first priority to all parents. With all the school shootings that have been reported, there needs to be some sort of comfort for parents to want to keep their kids (Technically, kids are baby goats. Children is a better word.) in public school. There have been new laws to control how peck buy guns, with background checks this law is called the Brady Law, yet there are those who can buy from private sellers the thr erase is console out there. The schools now have started to do their own back ground checks, and making all one entrance into the building s. They have even put in metal detectors that the children and visitors have to walk through. There are still other worries about safety, like bullying, and how bad that has gotten. This has made kids afraid to go to school they have to try to fit in, with how they look and how they dress.With all that, it seems like parents would arrange the decision very prospering to home school, yet there is the other question of socialization. Almost all children need some attain of socialization with kids their own age, yet with home schoolhouse they are only with their parents, or only communicating with their online teachers. Then there are single parents who do not have a choice hardly public school. Both online offer some sort of extra curriculum activities. There are different languages, like French, Spanish, German, and a lot more. Having the option to learn other languages leaves so much open, like traveling to foreign countries and getting a good job later down the line. There is also a saying (A saying is like a witty quote. I think belief is a better word in this context.) that learning other languages can help with a childs reading skills. They can also learn music. They can learn how to read music and play music, for example a musical instrument, which they can later turn in to (into) a career. Art is another thing they can learn, which can help with hand-eye coordination. With most children it is hard for them to use their hands and heads at the same time.When one thinks of home school, there is never a thought that there still should be arts and crafts to help with handwriting, yet public schools usually still have art as something to help a student along the way. (Are you suggesting that home-schooled children do not do art? permit me suggest that general statements are taboo. My sister is an artist, and she home-schooled her children, both of whom entered college at the age of 16, and both are gifted artists because of thetraining they received from their mother.) Healthy nutrition is all important(p) to everyone. Almost everyone wants to be able to have the right way, and make sure that we (We is first-person plural. The preferred perspective is third-person he, she, one, they, etc.) put the right nutrients in our bodies. When parents home school their children(,) they get to hire what they eat and how healthy it should be. With public school(s) they try to offer healthy choices, yet some school, (Remove the comma and add an s to school.) have vending machines that do not offer a lot of healthy choices or their children do not pick the healthy snacks that they find. Most vending machines have soda, chips and even energy drinks, which have shown damaged to (can hurt) children if they drink too much of it. With public schools(,) they feed the children on their own schedules, which for some kids can be a problem() when at home they eat at different times.When it comes to having healthy children, most parents say that doing home school is best for preventing illness. With home school, parents can control the atmosphere their children live in, meaning how pluck they can keep their home so their children do not get anxious as often. They also control who can come over, if the visitor is sick they will tell them to come a different day when they are better. When it comes to public school, there is not much you can do. With public school, children have a higher chance of getting sick, yet their immune systems are usually a lot better that a home school child. When it comes to being healthy, somatogenetic activity ever comes in to (into) play. Most children need to cover active, and with video games and television, there is so much distraction for kids that physical activity is something that they do not do. Now this is where a lot of parents like public school. With public school they have physical education as classes where they have to meet certain standards to make sure the students are able to sta y fit.There is also recess where the kids can go out and play with their friends, which in turn is another form of physical activity. With home school they usually do not make sure that they have physical education. (Do you have documentation to support that accusation? Remember, deprecative thinkers take nothing at face value.) They do let them play, but it is usually not enough for the child to make a difference. There are some sports that a parent can put their children in, yet the cost is so much more than it would in public school. Now with public school they do have sports forkids, and if you meet a certain financial situation they can offer sports at a discounted rate. With the decline of physical activity there has been a rise of childhood diabetes, and children gaining too much weight. When a parent decides to do home school they need to make sure there is still some sort of physical activity. With every public school there is the problem of politics.It seems everywhere a parent looks there is politics. When it comes to their children, this is something that most parents thought should stay out of our schools. Most children that go to public schools are also low income and due to that the government thinks it needs to intervene. As if families arent facing enough difficulties, right now, the State of Tennessee is currently considering two bills that will reduce welfare assistance for needy families whose children are not doing well in school, according to an article on ThinkProgress. (Bills in Tennessee, 2013) With the government looking in to what we are doing, it makes parents want to home school seem a better choice. (Here is the problem with that logic. When kids are at school, they eat at least one and sometimes two meals while there. Home school children eat all their meals at home, so I doubt that people who need food stamps will choose home schooling, because then they are on the hook for all the childrens nutritional needs.)With having publi c school as an option for any one education needs, it seems like there are both good and bad things that need to be addresses, yet when it comes to their children, there should always be some investigation into what is best. With home school they also have good and bad, yet the decision any parent makes, needs to be establish on what is best for your family. The choice of socialization of public school sounds great, yet does the freedom of the control of teaching their own children also sounds goods as well.

Intercultural aspect of conflict resolution Essay

During the first day of the workshop, I did non completely understand the real meaning of culture. I did not even have a single definition for the term culture. Many questions came into my mind such as, What is culture? What are the factors that create culture? What is the scope of culture? Does culture improve itself or not? Although, I started the inquiry on the concept of culture without certain answers for these questions, I had figured them out step by step during that day.I started to find answers for most of the questions that I faced. I finally understood what culture was and why variant people with different cultures had different behaviors. By thought the factors that influenced culture, I started to learn its importance to the parties who got involved in particular conflicts.Throughout that day, I comprehended why people with different cultures got involved in particular conflicts and what were their objectives. I started to give answers for these queries. They might ne ed someone whom they can air their grievances or opinions with. Moreover, they might only wish that others would respect their culture as it was. In the role play, I learned that listening skill was very helpful in making the parties who were involved in the conflict feel better.Also, they should be given the chance to continue telling their stories without any interruption. I had also learned that I could be able to interact with them simply through proboscis language such as moving my head up and down which tells, I understand you. Keep going. Furtherto a greater extent, these skills would give me the chance to get as such(prenominal) information as possible and understand the parties cultures.Personally, I think that having much understanding of other cultures using the skills mentioned earlier would help me adapt with their behaviors and become more flexible when dealing with them. Cultures factors such as religion, climate and geography play very significant roles in parties behavior. These explain why different countries have different cultures.Finally, all ideas and skills that I had learned during the first day of the workshop let me pay a close attention on understanding other cultures, respecting their beliefs and values as I want other people do the same thing when they cross my culture. I would try to use these ideas and skills in my daily life simply by listening to other people and respecting them.

Multiple personality disorder

IntroductionMultiple Personality Disorder (MPD) is one of the dissociative disorders (DD). A dissociative disorder makes a soul to experience a transitory version of consciousness. As such, the soul has a tendency of diminishing the level of awareness towards the surroundings. Thus, dissociative amnesia and fugue, and depersonalization disorder are the other types of DD. At present, the MPD has been renamed and know in investigative term as the dissociative identity disorder (DID). An MPD or DID shows at least two separate identities of soulfulnessity. This as well seizes to confuse it off the persons conduct.Richmond (1997) beg offed that MPD is an abnormal condition in which the personality becomes so fragmented that the various parts bay windownot even communicate with each other. For the reason that, the personality in MPD is different within the person. This personality can have separate memories, behavior, physical attribution and even gender (http//www.fortea.us/engl ish/psiquitria/mutiple.htm).Furthermore, the personality is the result of a occurrence occupation of an individual to cope with the environment and the new personality is a mechanism created by the psyche to necessitate with it. The above notion of Richmond (1997) also put forward that a person develops an alters that is, the different personalities that occur to him. This is observe when the person begins to dissociate in order to create new personality as a style of avoidance to a tremendous situation.Most of the researchers agreed to one notion, that MPD or DID has a significant factor during childhood days. It means that this identity disorder had been certain and can be traced step to the fore on past experiences that a person undergone it can be a traumatic one or an extreme stressful events. In addition, Cherry (n.d.) stressed that this disorder occurs when a child is abused at a young age.As a result, his personality weakens into several alters to help himself handle and muss with the stress. Hence, it was argued that multiple personality is the result of coping approaches or their means of defense mechanism to keep a g everywherenment agency from a terrible scenario. Sancar (1994 2006) added that these created personalities are then credibly to serve as mechanism for coping with situations and events dealing with one particular aspect of the traumatic experience.According to the website (http//www.angelfire.com/nj/Dissociative), DID or MPD is often referred to as a super creative survival techniques, because it al imprints an individual to endure hopeless circumstances to preserve some areas of healthy functioning. It serves as the defensive dissociation which becomes reinforced and conditioned. Evidently, dissociative drop is very frameive and the forbearing role had already mastered the alters. He whitethorn involuntarily use whenever he sense danger or trouble. This can be concluded that MPD may arise depending on the extent of sever e experience and most often referred to as defense mechanism.CausesMore research at present explain the concept of MPD or DID. More wishly, researches unified in their investigations in tracing out the origin or causes of this disorder. The cause of the disorder is as yet unknown. However, it has been argued by some researchers that the cause of MPD is due to intense stress, trauma, and even abuses. It was assumed that the on-going trauma of abuse, which happens during childhood, just when personality is developing, somehow causes alternate, distinct personalities to form. Unlike ego, the alternate personalities can and ordinarily do exist completely out of awareness of the main person or of each other. It is as if the alters live in isolated compartments with no communication among them.This is most often the effect of an early awful scenario. Furthermore, a severe childhood trauma or abuses tend to create a mental split or dissociation as a defense against the traumatic situati ons. In this way, they could escape the trauma of abuse, at least temporarily by creating new personalities to deal with stress. In addition, Frey (n.d.) added that the severe dissociation which characterized by DID is currently understood to result from an innate impulse to dissociate easily, repeated episodes of severe physical or informal abuse in childhood, lack of a reenforcementive or comforting person to counteract abusive relative(s), and the influence of other relatives with dissociative symptoms or disorder.Moreover, ground on studies women are more likely associated with MPD because they are steamy and are commonly sexually abused than men.Some indisput adequate cases of DID apparently occur as a result of severe, on-going emotional, sexual, or physical abuse. We also know that DID does not seem to happen as an adult response to trauma say for instance, men who have been tortured for years in prison apparently do not develop DID. Thus, Adult trauma, however, might bri ng out other personalities if the adult had developed DID in childhood. The process seem to begin only in children. This makes sense, because childhood is the time of life when personality in general develops in all of us.SymptomsThe symptoms (FreeEssays.cc -2003) of an individual with multiple personality disorder are lack of appropriate emotional response that is, a person shows an awkward reaction emotionally to a particular events, for example he may project uninterested feeling to a Christmas party or low sense of empathy memory lose suggests of forgetting something or not knowing what they have said or done such as lost time or misplacing a thing feeling dream like experiencing dissociation which might include dizziness, headaches, numbness in the body recurrent depression which tend the person to be sad and despair anxiety which the person felt panic, uneasy, uncomfortable and somehow experiencing phobiasSubstance abuse is a typical scenario were some individuals find it as a substitute or as a defense mechanism to face their concerns, this is because they have this perception in mind that taking the substance make them feel at peace say for instance, a teenager taking marijuana to forget his family problem eating disorder such as bulimia, anorexia or compulsive overeating are another way of coping mechanism of a person in which he averts his attention in taking food excessively instead of facing the problem.In other pole, a person has no appetite to take food regularly due to disturbance of the problem for example, a girl after a break-up with her boy friend eats too much to divert her attention rather than thinking desperately or a fat lady did after six oclock meal just to reduce weight a man suffering stress would probably eat too much to pacify his emotional anxiety or can not eat well sexual dysfunction may refer or include addiction and avoidance has low self-esteem being not motivated, has no desire or interest to life thus the perceptio n is frail shame suggest of being socially anxious or a fear of rejection or of what others might think sleeping disturbances which includes insomnia, nightmare and sleepwalking mood swing in which a persons atmosphere changes in present setting.Hence, Sancar (1994) added that the co-occurring symptoms and disorder that associated with DID/MPD had been consistently observed in clinical setting that MPD patients suffered such as from panic, anger, rage, sense of unreality, flashbacks, image trauma, and hyper vigilance. the great unwashed diagnosed with DID also have a secondary diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Thus, another significant symptom of MPD is amnesia which can not be explained by ordinary forgetfulness. It is a state which a person cannot remember eachthing. Generally speaking, it is a condition that the stored information in the brain with his past experiences disappeared that would certainly give him a picture of a tabula raza (Latin word which mean s, all is blank and empty). Say for instance, a person with amnesia may loss his memory or any information about his past he even forgot his name, where he lives, or his family and more forgotten scenario.DID will not be determined if the symptoms will not cause any major disturbances to the persons life or if they were due to the physiological effects of a substance such as drugs or alcohol or a general medical condition. This implies that DID/MPD simply be notice when alters ignite in the persons behavior thus, this is the time were symptoms arises.Therapeutic TreatmentThe give-and-take for a personality disorder will take considerable time. A few sessions of cognitive-behavioral handling will likely not have much effect on deeply rooted unconscious conflicts. This will focus on overcoming all of the unhealthy psychological defense mechanisms that have been built up over a lifetime of emotional pain. This will be accomplished primarily through genuine, honest emotional encounters with the psychologist. In essence, the psychotherapeutic work all depends on the integrity of the psychotherapeutic relationship, through which new, psychologically healthy interpersonal behaviors and healthy boundaries will replace old, unhealthy defense mechanisms (Richmond 1997-2000).The same as the other personality disorder the MPD or DID is curable. However, it needs to be facilitated or attended with highly qualified practitioner. A thorough and intensive individual psychotherapy or tattle therapy. In this case, the session of treatment for psychotherapy is a long-process. It may take a couple of months to a year or more to be concluded. However, a large percentage of people are cured with this method. In this approach, both the person and the therapist must have sense of connection or able to become closer which generate a more trustful companionship.In addition, the other treatment modalities according to Halgins (1997) includes medication which some doctors will prescri be antidepressant for DID patient because their alter personalities may have anxiety or mood disorders sometimes patient that are been given medications become psychologically dependent. Hypnotherapy be considered for memory retrieval. The alters may come out and disclose the abusive childhood reminiscences, this is also used for calming and shooting the person during treatment. Is a standard method of treatment with DID patient, because it helps patient recover repressed ideas.It is also an alternative treatment that will help the patient stay clam while pounding out the emotional stresses. Family therapy sessions may also help to end the cycle of abuse. Furthermore, this can be a support group to the client. Because people that are close to him especially his parents and siblings are his nurturing and extending support that would possibly help the patients fast recovery.It is as well appropriate to consider the behavioral therapy approaching for DID in order to carry out the clien ts natural environment thus able to stress out the current problems and factors influencing them. For the fact that it can create new problem for learning in the self-reliance that learning can ameliorate problem behavior. Hence, the treatment for DID will last for five to seven year in adults and usually requires several different treatment methods.BIBLIOGRAPHYA. BookHalgin P. Richard . 1997. Abnormal Psychology The Human Experience of Psychology Disorders. Usa Brown and Benchmark PublishersB. Net SourcesSancar Feyza 1994-2006. Exploring Multiple Personality Disorder. Available http//serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/neuro/neuro99/web3/Sancar.htmlhttp//www.fortea.us/english/psiquitria/mutiple.htmhttp//www.angelfire.com/nj/Dissociative/

Developmental psychology Essay

I stomach identified a number of themes from both(prenominal)(prenominal) interviews which relate to Jo and Tonys childhood and life experiences and how these have influenced their development and how their childrens lives have differed from their stimulate. Educational influence Educational issues appear to have influenced both Tony and Jo Tony refers to himself as being uneducated And thence I only went to school for a year, after I was eleven.Tony ex plains this was due to the years rearing he did receive I had a very interesting year the years cultivation I had was very interesting situation in at a boarding school in Sussex. Where I was I learned a great deal actually. Lines 34-36 He says that other influences had contributed to his education opposed influences, and yes I suppose I am self-educated Ive read an awful lot evidently Lines 40 41 Jo describes her education as being different I went to school in Leeds til I was eight and then I was evacuated.Lines 44 45 I th en went to boarding school for the undermentivirtuosod ten years Lines 46 -47 * Parental influence There are several references to Jo and Tonys views on the important role of parenting, for them this had been through their parents work and religious beliefs Tony Victorian Work moral principle in Line 54 Tony and Jo agree that religion was a very big influence from their parents Tony Lines 63 67 Jos mother was brought up as a Methodist and my father was as well. And I think Methodist principles were fairly firmly entrenched.And Yes I think that has, that makes us to a certain terminus the sort of people we are. In lines 81 82 Tony talks about which career paths were accessible to them and ones parents experiences and aspirations certainly entered into it as well In the second interview both Tony and Jo make reference to separation from their fathers because of the state of war, this appears to be a shared experience for both of them. Jo then compares this with their own childr ens experience of separation, their children feared that Tony and Jo would separate like another family that they knew.Jo says that when the children are young it is important to make sacrifices or you adapt Line 122 Interests could be pursued later. She emphasizes this further if you want to nurture and encourage your children, then some one or other had got to stay, perhaps hold back a little to give as much as you can to your children Lines 145 148. Although Jo acknowledges that women have equal rights today in contrast with the past, she believes that in order to provide a nurturing role women should still put their children first.She also talks about the enormousness of stability for children children like stability. And its the stable base that you make around them that matters more Lines 154 -156 * Social/ pagan/historical influence Historical influence has played a part in Jo and Tonys development, the war had a huge impact on them, their fathers went away and there was un certainty as to whether they would return. The educational opportunities available differed between them, Jo went to school and boarding school but Tony only had one year of education and unconnected from this was self taught.

Economy versus the Environment Essay

Down to Earth by Ted Steinberg highlights the role of nature in US history. Steinberg provides historical events, from minute detail of migrating birds to monumental breaking up of Pangeae, to support his analysis and for readers to fully grasp the runway of American history. He maintains that the continuous interaction between hu man and nature drives them to evolve. But the truth, of course, is that human has tendencies to rationalize nature to achieve their ideal standard of living. Moreover, humans present consumption puts the life of hereafter generation at risk.Long before the European settlement in the region, Americas inbred resources were already being threatened. Native American hunters utilized the world around them according to their ask. These early hunters group mammoths to extinction, as well as the giant ground sloths and other prehistoric species. Many of them used clear to clear landscape which did served their purpose but harmed other plants and animals. Ev entually, however, they became gifted stewards of their environs. Their activities, hunting, gathering and farming, were influenced by the cycles of nature.The early exploration dictated by personal consumption quickly followed by exploitation. Migrants poured in pursuit of gold and liquid in the English colonies which was abandoned for intensive harvesting of lucrative crops or the trapping of animals. The slang gymnastic horse for money in America refers to deer hides cal lead buckskins, being exported for glove making and other forms of leather manufacturing. This scotch system persists until the end of the colonial period. By mid-1800s, regions were identified by the kind of cash crops they produced.Tobacco, King Cotton, sift from South Carolina lowlands, timber from the virgin forests of the Great Lakes, Texas cattle and wheat from the Great Plains. The system made the state of matter wealthy but at a devastating cost to biodiversity. Steinberg pointed out that the major factor that brought the ecologic change in America is putting a price tag on the natural world. Cities were expanding, farmers were neat more than specialized in their cash crops and companies were pushing for more profits. Nature was transformed to articles of trade.Lumber companies, for instance, led to much deforestation which led to loss of other plants and habitat of animals. The citizens of the US seemed to have a experience of ecological amnesia, oblivious to the effect on nature of ruthless exploitation despite the mounting evidence. deflexion from lumber companies, other businesses and industries abused the natural resources for profit to further degrade the environment. A common man specializing in one type of cash crop had to rely on other farmers to provide for the needs not met by his own produce.Rivers where fish used to spawn were dammed and converted to companies energy source. Nature was altogether ignored in the interest of commerce and industry. As trade an d commercialization intensifies so as faith of everyone on someone else. Economic activity, both production and consumption, relates to the environment in two ways the environment provides the raw materials for production, and through the process of production and consumption, we emit wastes into the environment (Worster, 1994).However, human wants are limited trance resources are finite. Demand always exceeds supply. So what happens now if we continue to strive to obtain more goods and operate from our limited supply of non-renewable resources? Our present and future generations are in peril. Economic theories of trade argue that a country should concentrate on trading and producing goods and services where they have the comparative reinforcement (Krugman& Obstfeld, 2008). The comparative advantage in production is achieved if the input that was used is abundant in the country.For instance, labor intensive goods should be traded by countries with large population, while countri es should concentrate in producing capital intensive goods if they are abundant in capital. This on the dot what the early traders did. They traded according to their comparative advantage, maximized their profit and yes, abused the environment to further their gains. The economic thinking that battle as a function of efficiency of labor and capital is outmoded (Epping, 2001). In other separate of the world, industries are starting to factor in the efficient way of using their natural resources.These efficiencies benefit countries, companies and local communities. Japan and Germany use half the energy input of American industry in their products. Energy represents more or less 10 percent of the cost of production and so they achieve with their efficiency about a quint percent comparative advantage in world markets relative to US goods. The idea is to have a sustainable supply of both non-renewable and renewable resources relative to demand, to use the natural resources in a more efficient way to make the goods and services of a country, a company or a familiarity more competitive in the market.We do not want to be the generation that kills everything.References Epping, Randy Charles (2001). A Beginners Guide To World Economy. New York Random House, Inc. Krugman, P. & Obstfeld, M. (2008). International Economics Theory and Policy. capital of Massachusetts Pearson Education, Inc. Steinberg, Ted (2002). Down To Earth (pp. 1-115). New York Oxford UP. Worster, Donald (1994). Natures Economy The History of Ecological Ideas. United soil Cambridge UP.

AIU Human Resources Essay

To the head of AIUIn this message I would analogous to inform you about the relationship between job satisfaction and the age, this relationship leave behind help in providing a clear indication of the best workers to hold in a political party depending on satisfaction, the more(prenominal) slaked the workers atomic number 18 consequently the higher is their productivity direct and therefore companies should employ more satisfied workers.Summary of the watch participantsGenderThe pursuit is a survey on some workers in a company and this email reports on the findings about the overall satisfaction of workers, the study included a broad(a) of 29 participants where 19 of them were male and 10 were feminine, the following chart summarizes the distribution of male and female in percentageFrom the above chart it is perspicuous that the probability of picking a male from the sample is 64.52% go the probability of picking a female from the sample is 34.48%.TenureRegarding tenu re it was evident that 21.05% of males and 10% of female had worked at the company for less than two years, 57.89% of males and 50% of females take on worked with the company for 2 to 5 years, in the long run 21.05% of males and 40% of females have worked with the company for over 5 years. The following tabulate summarizes the resultsmale personFEMALE little than 2 years21.05%10.00%2 to 5 years57.89%50.00%Over 5 Years21.05%40.00%From the table it is evident that majority of both males and females have worked with the company for 2 to 5 years, moreover the less females have worked with the company for less than two years.Department on that point argon three departments namely Human Resources, Information engineering and Administration, in this case the following was the distribution of participants in each departmentFrom the chart it is evident that about of the participants were from the administration department, the least number of participants were from the information techn ology department.SatisfactionThe participants were asked to identify the level of essential satisfaction, foreign satisfaction and overall satisfaction the following tables summarize the blind drunk values of satisfactionMEANMALEOVERALL4.65INTRINSIC4.78EXTRINSIC4.81MEANFEMALEOVERALL5.39INTRINSIC5.62EXTRINSIC4.62From the table the mean value for overall and intrinsic satisfaction for female is greater than the mean value for the male however the mean value of unessential satisfaction for males is greater than that for the females. Therefore from the above we can conclude that females are more satisfied than males.AgeThe participants by age were categorized into three groups, this include those aged on a lower floor 21, those aged between 22 and 49 and those above 50 years, the table below summarizes the resultsparticipantspercentage21 and under517.24%22-491758.62%50 and over724.14%From the table more participants were aged between the age of 22 and 49 years and that less particip ants were aged 21 years and below.PositionThere are those participants that are hourly employees and the salaried employees, from the survey it was evident that more employees were salaried and this comprised of 58.62% of the participant the table below summarizes the results.Hourly Employee (Overtime Eligible)1241.38%Salaried Employee (No Overtime)1758.62%Relationship between satisfaction and ageThe following table below represents the mean level of satisfaction for the age groupsOVERALLINTRINSICEXTRINSIC21 and under4.344.025.7822-494.694117655.3176470594.829411850 and over5.814285715.2285714293.8Overall satisfactionThere is an increase in the mean level of overall satisfaction as the age increases, from this argue those aged 50 and above years have the highest level of overall satisfaction, therefore these individuals will tend to be more productive in the company, for this reason the company should employ older people in the organization to realize the advantage of satisfied wor kers.Regarding intrinsic satisfaction it is clear that those aged below 21 years have the lowest intrinsic satisfaction while those aged 22 to 49 years have the highest mean level of intrinsic satisfaction, last regarding extrinsic satisfaction those aged 50 years and above have the lowest extrinsic satisfaction. closedownFrom the above discussion it is evident that age is an important cistron to consider when employing individuals, a company should employ individuals aged between 22 years and 49 years this is due to the simple reason that they will work in the company for many years and also will have higher levels of intrinsic, extrinsic and overall satisfaction.SurveysA survey is a study on all the individuals in a prone population or a chosen number of participants using the sampling techniques, example of a survey is a country census that involves all individuals in the country. A census is used by the regimen to determine the population size and therefore decision on provi sion of social amenities is do easier.In a survey there is need to include the names of the individuals involved in post to keep the information private, to ensure that the information is unbiased there is a need to have a standard data collection tool, there is also a need to ensure that there are ways in which the consistence of information by a participant is checked.Time is an important factor to consider, there is need to have ample time for preparation of a survey, this is because if one wants to use questionnaires then one has to prepare the questionnaire and then pretest it.ReferencesRobert Mason and Douglas Lind (1997) Statistics An Introduction, Duxbury Press, New York

Reflective Draft

with the activities was undertaken in class about negotiation, I realized that different negotiation tactics have crucial impact on negotiation in the workplace. In the activities, I was assigned to play the role of motorbus (Dale Williams). I need to persuade two of my subordinates to wear condom glasses. I use pressure to told Taylor she should capture the principle of company, if she doesnt wear safety galsses, she will be fired. I give her pressure. she extremitys keep her job, finally, we were got a deal. And she is unhappy. In the second turn, I changed my way of talking to Chris Johnson.First I show my care of her, I asked her do u have problems of your eyes. Then I tell her experience of J. B. Harris. J. B. Harris was suffered a serious accident in another division. And she missed six weeks of work after an eye injury. If dont wear safety glasses when work, it is easy to have risk to hurt eyes. Finally , we got a deal, and she is happy this time.. contrast these alike( p) situation but different experience and different tactics I used. I realized that the prime(prenominal) time I used of fear to evoke a desired response from Taylor.It is nor effective. when I want to negotiation and get a deal. the better way and easy way is show my sympathy and give care first . it is easy let people can accept. KNOWFrom the aactivity, I know effective and cracking communication is an essentially significant source of negotiation power. A safe communicator can manager a group or an organization easily. At the same time, it also can improve the pproduactivity of work.. on occasion, good communication is not easy. It needs people who . In fact, from this role play, I also know auditory sense is very important.For example, Obama is good at motivation , when listen his speech, I always full of energy. And willing to accepet what he present. I realize the barriers existed in the process of negotiation. In this process, my parten is from indonisia as Pat Taylor. b ut I watch from Chian. When we communicate, we have language barri. She have been this comapy for 20 years, More than me. She is the informal leaders of the group of to a greater extent go through employeers. I wanna she can tell me more about her experience. But she The tutor teach us types of govern tactics.Power used well achieves effective communication and positive results. Negotiating power is the ability of the negotiator to influene the behavior of another. What actions do you plan to take based on what you traint? did you discover that a particular influence tactic is more/less effective and therefore are you likely to use this tactic in future negotiations? What did you learn about your natural preferences for influencing tactics based on? the aactivity? you might have felt more well-fixed using rationality and less comfortable using one or more other tactics.

Overpopulation

kind-hearted tidy sum is growing like never before. We are now adding peerless billion sight to the orbiter every 12 years. Thats ab forbidden 220,000 per day. Overpopulation is wholeness of the worst puzzles the world is facing today because were running play out of resources its increasing poverty and increasing pollution. At this rate of population growth, Overpopulation is excessive population of an area to the point of overcrowding, depletion of natural resources, or environmental deterioration.A huge problem that comes with overpopulation is depleting resources. As the population is now, one out of every seven people alive, go to bed hungry. and About one billion people lack access to sufficient water for consumption, agriculture and sanitation. As our population grows those statistics are going to quiver worst and worst and so allow for our quality of victuals. The air quality is also decreasing. Childhood bronchial asthma rates have risen dramatically in the p ast 20 years. The more people there are the pollution and waste.Many other(a) vital resources are decreasing such as oil, gas, and other fuel. There are numerous different causes of overpopulation but one of the main ones is a decline in death rate and an incline in kindred rate. If the exit of children born each year equals the number of adults that die, then the population will stabilize but since our medicine has become so advanced and because of other factors people are living longer and more children are being born. It is all way out of proportion. Another cause is religious beliefs.Some religions believe that procreation is essential and therefore families have as many children as they feel they could care for. One more cause is the lack of knowledge. Facts about reproduction, protection and birth control are lacking (especially among young adults). Right now overpopulation doesnt seem like a big problem but if it stays on the path that it is on it will be a huge problem that our great grandchildren will be forced to face head on. Resources could become stingy which could also lead to conflict between countries and possibly war.The amount of pollution could increase so much(prenominal) it could cause serious environmental destruction. Also the cost of living will go up which will cause unemployment, which will lead to more poverty Natural habitats will disappear along with the millions of species living within them just to provide more living space for humans. The whole world could become one hugely populated, poverty-stricken, resource less, polluted city if nothing is done. There are ways people tolerate help stabilize the worlds population.One is to better educate people about this worldwide problem and also about reproduction. Imparting sex education to young kids at elementary level should be must. Also, tax benefits should be given to married couples that have single or two children. Raising cognisance about the effects of overpopulation could help lead to ZPG (zero population growth). ZPG is the main goal and if we all come unitedly more aware we can little by little help save the world. Overpopulation is a global problem lets start treating it like one.

Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Rights - Essay Examplere the charitable rights and the government should guarantee that regulations be enacted appropriately so that opposite individuals also admire human rights. Human rights were first identified globally by Universal Declaration on Human Rights in the twelvemonth 1948. Subsequently, it was readily accepted by the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). In the year 1998, the Human Rights Act was approved, making the human rights and liberty directly enforceable in the UK (Liberty 80, n.d.).ECHR, which was adopted in the year 1950, came into practice three years later. It is a unique replication of values of society and fairlyness. It provides keep down of guaranteed rights such as right to life, right to be free from torture, right to freedom and security, right to fair trial, right to respect for private and family life, right to marry, right to effective remedy and right to enjoy other convention rights without discrimination among others 1 (The Law Scho ol, 2012).There are several accomplishments of ECHR that can be accounted since it was established, following which, it continues to encourage human rights and democracy across the European region. It has developed jurisprudence in human rights and has made hearty influence to the sustained harmony and constancy in Europe. ECHR signifies that the right of individual petition is guaranteed where people are offered with adequate security assurance from the authority and by the influence of state. Over the years, the number of High detection Parties (HCPs) has also expanded and the access to safety delivered by the provisions of ECHR has become available to almost 800 one million million European people 1 (The Law School, 2012).Whereas, this expansion of ECHR has been greeted in several nations, the number of legal cases was also ascertained at considerable rapidity. As the number of new member states in European Union increased, the around-the-clock expansion trend of ECHR brough t about many difficulties, particularly when assuring

Combating Juvenile Deliquency Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Combating Juvenile Deliquency - Research Paper ExampleIn addition, surety that their job is non under threat boosts their morale and encourages teamwork and coordination with other employees in a relaxed and productive manner. Cooperation and flexibility in the workplace is only possible if a head supervisor assures his employees of job security. This assurance naturally translates to contented employees and improves factors such(prenominal) as production and customer satisfaction, which eventually boosts sales.Based on my work experience, I believe that manipulation security stands out as the most important of the seven work practices. Several benefits accrue from this factor, and approximately factors are not achievable without job security. For instance, no matter how trained employees are, without employment security, they may not perform to their expectations. Similarly, high compensation at work is not enough to motivate an unsettled employee who is doubtful about the futu re (Pfeffer and Veiga 42). This practice is the most important because all of the other seven factors emanate from its applicability. til now reduction of status difference depends on employment security. It is impossible for employees to coordinate their skills if some feel equal their jobs are at risk. It threatens all the efforts put in job selection, training, and development of a workforce (Pfeffer and Veiga

Europe After the Fall of the Roman Empire 400-600 AD Essay

Europe After the Fall of the Roman empire 400-600 AD - Essay ExampleThe western side of the Roman pudding stone, that is Europe, became a part of the Roman Empire under its strong military power. The extension of the land was fully made by the emperor Trajan in the second blow. All the countries near to the Mediterranean Sea came under capital of Italy. Rome had started to rule Britain even from 55 B.C. From Britain in the Western side, the Roman Empire had kept all the European countries under its rule. From 3rd century onwards the supremacy of Rome came down due to various reasons. The Germanic people had settled on the borders of Rome years ago and by the fourth century their hold was so powerful. By the blockade of the fourth century, however, the relationship between the Romans and the Germans began to change radically as a great influx of Visigoths brush toward the Western frontiers of the empire (American Book Works Corporation 81). In A.D. 476, Rome finally fell to the pa ss on of these barbarian people. The last emperor Romulus Augustus, a boy had to surrender before the Germanic business leader Odoacer. Rome witnessed the independent rule of Odoacer for a few years. After the fall of Rome, it influenced with its rich tradition on the expression of in the buff soils in Europe. The essay analyzes how the Roman tradition worked as a strong influence on the later kingdoms of Europe later on the fall of Rome in A.D. 476. Europe witnessed the rule of different kings later the Roman fall. Theodoric, a general who is not in the Roman tradition defeated Odoacer and established his kingdom named Ostrogothic kingdom. They were not ready to reshuffle everything of Roman tradition rather they followed what was Roman. It is said, He built legitimacy for his new state by preserving traditional Roman institutions, especially the Senate and the office of consul (The transformation of the Roman Empire 223) that it is seen that he had followed the policy of Co nstantine on religious toleration. The next ruler of the Europe was Franks. They have settled the republic to what is now called as France. The leader of Franks, Clovis became the emperor in A.D. 507. Cloviss dynasty ruled for 200 years. It was named Merovingian dynasty, fetching up the legendary Frankish ancestor Merovech (The transformation of the Roman Empire 224). The Merovingian dynasty had taken many of the Roman traditions in its rule. Their state combined barbarian military might with Roman social and well-grounded traditions (The transformation of the Roman Empire 224). Al nearly all rulers had taken the noble aspects of Roman culture when they ascended into power. Visigoth king Athaulf who ruled during the period from 410 -415 A.D. explained the goals of his ruling strategy as reviving the Roman name with Gothic distinctiveness (The transformation of the Roman Empire 223). It was the intention of many of the new emperors to restore the Roman law and culture. So, after the fall of Rome, the Roman laws got much prominence among the new rulers. They wrote the legal codes of Rome and put ond in their countries. The practice of fining was another landmark of the Roman tradition in the new kingdoms. The penalties were incurred to the law offenders and the majority of it would go to the near relative of the person affected. After the fall of Rome, there developed a Gallo- Roman culture and language. When most part of Gaul came under the rule Merovingian kings, the amalgamation of Roman

Report on the Cost of Health Care in the United States Research Paper

Report on the Cost of health Care in the linked States - Research Paper ExampleThere bewilder been many contr oversies as well as dissatisfactions regarding the health compassionate scheme in the United States. These controversies would be taken into consideration in this paper1. Thesis Statement The paper aims at discussing the health upkeep placement of the United States of the States. The paper intends to illustrate the trends regarding cost and expenditure in the Ameri plunder health sustentation system and recommends certain inputs to improve the drawbacks associated with the prevailing system. Data and Explanations Health Care Cost and Expenditure in the United States It stooge be stated that cost and expenditure related to health issues of human beings is one of the prime concerns for the United States. The cost and expenditure in the health care system of the United States of America has seen fluctuations over the years. It has been observed that the health care exp enditure of the country was recorded to be around US$2.6 jillion in the year 2010 which as compared to 1980 report of expenditure had seen an increase of over ten times. As it can be noticed from the table below that the health care expenditure of the company is in a constant rise from the year 1960 till date. It has been learnt that the United States has always noted to be using up more than on health care than any other nation of the world. From the report of a survey, it has been recognized that half(prenominal) of the population of the United States spend a very little occur on health care while only 5 percent of the population of the country spend half of the total amount recorded as health care expenditure. However, the increase in expenditure of health care can be up to an extent justified from the fact that the population of the country has also increased seduce the year 1960 to till date. The table below depicts the increase in health care expenditure in the past 50 y ears2. Figure Health Care Expenditure in United States3 Comparison of Health Care Expenditure of the United States with Other Countries It has been mentioned earlier that the health care expenditure of the United States of America has seen a considerable rise over the years. The health care expenditure of the United States of America is instead high as compared to other countries of the world. It can be observed from the table below that the health care expenditure per capita of the United States is quite high as compared to countries like Japan, Germany and France among others. The rise can be demarcated to be double the expenditure of other countries4. Figure Health Care Expenditure of Certain Countries of the World4 In addition, it has get on been learnt that in spite of having similar Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of other wealthier countries, the health care spending of the United States is quite high from those countries. The graph below would be providing a lucid picture mo st the mentioned fact4. Figure Comparison of GDP Per Capita of the US with Other Countries4 It has been further observed that the total health care expenditure of the United States annually is also much more than that of the other similar wealthier nations. The increase in expenditure is depicted to be at a much rapid pace and by a broad margin.

Analysing the Importance of Multiculturalism in Present Day Workplaces Essay

Analysing the Importance of Multiculturalism in Present Day Workplaces - Essay ExampleAccording to the reportpiece of work revolution is a strategic management approach focussing on people and their similarities and differences with respect to an organization. The thaw point theory proclaims of multiculturalism initiatives in aiming to perceive integration and inclusion of separate groups in outrank to prove productivity. With respect to a typical workplace, the issues of gender, class, age, ethnicity, physical and mental ability, sexual druthers, spirituality and public assistance. Other than cosmos growth, diversity gives an invaluable opportunity to increase competitiveness.This paper declares that the concept is not new and it is regarded as an on-going process to bring organizations, communities and society into an inclusive, wholesome and a fully culturally entity. Griffin postulated that workforce diversity to b mostly related to the similarities and differences among e mployees in an organization. The boundaries of management discipline has expanded nowadays and in order to build more competitive organizations, all policies and practices in the prevailing constituency need to be considered for analytically reflecting on an organizational work-force diversity.In the 21st century, active citizenship deals with a culturally sensitive consciousness and global orientation to towards progressive growth. With respect to a company and its benefits, diversity is unavoidable and is an essential business concern.

Organizational Communication Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Organizational Communication - Assignment eventIn addition, he used a leadership style that was transactional as its entailed management through enhancing abidance via punishment and rewards. The committee had been given powers to make finishs, but Gassner had the final say in every decision they made. Gassner made sure that each execute committee member headed different regions of that company (Hill, 1995).Gassner had a strategic vision which he ensured was met. He made sure BMG international became successful. He ensured that he was involved in every decision (Hill, 1995). Gassner was tough on ensuring his decisions are followed to the later.In systems theory, there is the issue of interdependence in any organization. Rudi acknowledged this fact and hence created an executive team that was in charge of various regions. He acknowledged interdependence since the regions which they operated differed on the basis of external environment that dealt with customers, competitors, suppli ers, financial markets and world economy. In addition, they excessively differed in complex issues related to external relations, internal operations, strategic decision making plus institutional leadership (Hill, 1995).Gassners management style was transactional. He ensured that he established compliance of the workers through climax up with reward and punishment systems. Gassner had been hand-picked by the given CEO, Dornermann. Gassner was an expertise from Polygram and had a good track register on the basis of management. He had his own style of management and involved push and pull strategies. That ensured extravagantly level of awareness existed and resulted in accurate perception of his role and vision (Hill,

Time Management Portfolio Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Time Management Portfolio - Research Paper ExampleAll the subordinates are interlinked with the unhomogeneous resources inside the organization through a process c in every last(predicate)ed control. They are controlled and effectively monitored to ensure smooth sailing of all organizational activities. Time management on the other hand, refers to organism able to clear come to the fore all your activities, within the allocated sentence period. An effective time manager does not run egress of time. He manages to carry let on all the transactions within the stipulated time frame. It is extremely necessary for various(a) parties and individuals to be grand time managers. This concept ensures efficiency it ensures effectiveness and last enables one to be fast in carrying out activities. It reduces redundancy of tasks, enables the organization operate on a planned scope. This is necessary for management to set the various goals and standards since they all depend and rely on ti me. Management is a doctrine that owes its existence to the ancient professionals. The various scholars and personalities managed to be able to develop various theories that aided and guided the discipline. From Henry Fayol, to Abraham Maslows, they all gave their take on the topic management. This is necessary as it has ensured that the disciplines tangibility remains and it has constantly continued to be regarded as an art, a principle that is learnt. Like management effective time management is also a skill acquired through time. ... After organizing the events or activities, the next step is to rank them in the order of urgency. The fill initial subjects that are urgent in terms of delivery production, time they are generally required, and finally the relationship to the returns are sorted out according to the list of urgency. The next step in the time management process is to gather all the necessary resources to be able to accomplish and achieve the state tasks. These involve s gathering the necessary resources in terms of materials needed, human resources needed, the respective tools needed to complete the respective tasks. parceling of the resources to the particular organizational endeavors is the next step. They are organized and finally the next step is to carry out the activity under siege. It is necessary to plan and manage the planned time. Time as stated is a scarce resources. Time is the only factor at the disposal of various organizations that enables people to carry out their various activities hearty. It is necessary to plan for it as it ensures effectiveness in the production process, it ensures quality in the well planned products and services offered, it reduces on wastage through effective proviso of all the activities and resources the aspect of wastage is reduced as all the resources must have been planned for. It enables urgent orders to be completed with ease and efficiency it reduces delays and fines charged as a result of a lat e delivery. As the saying goes, time is money and planning time well various organizational activities will also be planned well. This ensures effectiveness in the operations of the organizations and creates efficiency within the system. Time Management Portfolio As defined Time Management refers to being able to carry out all your activities,

Tesco PLC. Company Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tesco PLC. Company Analysis - Essay sheathSince 1997, Tesco has recorded tremendous growth making it the leading food retailer in the unify country (Quelch 2010, p.1). This was spearheaded by good leadership under CEO Terry Leahy who emphasized on innovation and client satisfaction (Quelch 2010, p.2).One of the main issues that are of great concern is inability of Tesco plc to sink in in United States market despite the market having only few competitors such as Raphs, Vons, Albertsons and Stater Brothers. This is despite the familys strategies to send 50 managers to learn more about the market and come up with appropriate procedures to penetrate themThe main objective is to prove if it is important for the company to go ahead with the market penetration exercise or its supposed to withdraw from the market as profits obtained cannot be compared with the investment that the company used i.e. $700 in order to position itself in the market (Quelch 2010, p.2).The predecessors such as Sainsbury, Marks and Spencer had to share their ownership to other business as they found the market unfavorable for the business to thrive. As a result, one of the main objectives of the paper will be coming up with the appropriate conclusion on if it is profitable to venture in United States market or the business. It will also try to analyze why many retailers withdraw from the United States market.Tesco Company has experience on various markets. The company is the study retailer in United Kingdom with branches in Hungary, Ireland, and France etc. This gives the company a variety of strategies to take up from in order to penetrate the US market (Quelch 2010, p.3). On the other hand major failing that this knowledge has is that it makes it hard for the company to select the appropriate strategy to apply in the US market. This is because polar markets react differently on the entry strategies applied by the companies.Tesco companies have large financial reserves that can