A brief history of PowerPoint

The journey of a thousand presentations begins with a single slide. This is a story about love in the time of ClipArt, about innovation persevering through really lame animations. This is the story of people who refused to copy-and-paste their lives and instead chose to change the world. PowerPoint sought to disrupt an established business model, much like Uber is doing to taxis. We offered a superior replacement for a familiar capability. Robert Gaskins, Inventor of PowerPoint This is the story of PowerPoint. Create New Presentation (ctrl+N) Our opening slide begins in 1984. Robert Gaskins, a computer scientist with a degree from Berkeley, had an idea. He was tired of spending hours preparing projection transparencies and using chalkboards to illustrate presentations. And so he, with the help of developers Thomas Rudkin and Dennis Austin, set out to create a presentation program that would provide an easy way to make and present slides. They called this program Presenter, which was later renamed PowerPoint. Insert New Slide (ctrl+M): The 1980s The team presented the program and business plan to their software company, fittingly named Forethought, in Sunnyvale, California. And just as Prometheus brought down fire to humans, Forethought quickly spread the revolutionary idea of PowerPoint to the world. Everyone wanted a bullet point in this story. Apple invested $432,000 in PowerPoint, making it Apple’s first ever venture capital investment. By 1986, the PowerPoint team was using PowerPoint to explain their business strategy. (You can even see their 1986 New Product Summary here.) In 1987, Microsoft managed to outdo Apple for once and snatched up PowerPoint for $14 million. Insert New Slide (ctrl+M): The 1990s Following their acquisition, Microsoft released its first official version of PowerPoint in 1990. By 1993, PowerPoint was making $100 million in sales annually. The early versions of PowerPoint only produced transparencies, handouts, and speaker notes until the rise of laptops made transparencies obsolete. 1997 became the year that changed the course of PowerPoint history forever. PowerPoint 97 was released with major improvements and updates, most notably, custom animation. This allowed presentations to faded-zoom into the future. And the fact that users needed no special programming skills to animate their presentations made everyone pinwheel into love with PowerPoint. Save Presentation (ctrl+S): The 2000s to today Since 1997, PowerPoint has continued to improve and grow. Newer versions have come out with audio and video embedding, web support, and more slide transitions than ever before. By 2003, PowerPoint revenues for Microsoft were over $1 billion annually. By 2010, Microsoft announced that PowerPoint had been installed on a billion computers worldwide. A study done in 2012 reported PowerPoint held approximately a 95% share of the presentation software market, eclipsing competitors such as Apple Keynote, Google Presentations, and Prezi. PowerPoints continued domination may be down to the program’s gold-standard status in educational settings for students and professors. And, for the most part, people are satisfied with their PowerPoint experience—there is no compelling reason to change. It seems that  PowerPoint is here to stay. Meanwhile, founder  Robert Gaskins, has settled into retirement and  written a book about inventing PowerPoint  for those who want to discover more about the birth of this innovative and enduring program. Interested in disruptive innovation?  To learn more about Hult’s future-focused global business programs,  download a brochure. Like game changers? Break the mould in the business world with a Masters in Disruptive Innovation from Hult. To learn more, take a look at our blog Week of Disruption, Fall 2018: Embracing a changing world, around the globe, or explore overall business challenges with a Masters in International Business instead. Download a brochure or get in touch today to find out how Hult can help you to find out everything about the business world, the future, and yourself. Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed #28 in Poets Quants 2020 rankings for Best Undergraduate Business Schools in the US. Taking a huge leap of 32 places from our 2019 position, we’re also very happy to have secured top positions in key categories like: life-changing experience, practicality of the degree, and global immersion. . With five global campuses, a student body of over 130 nationalities, and a learn-by-doing approach—Hult offers a student experience like no other. . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed #28 in Poets Quants 2020 rankings for Best Undergraduate Business Schools in the US. Taking a huge leap of 32 places from our 2019 position, we’re also very happy to have secured top positions in key categories like: life-changing experience, practicality of the degree, and global immersion. . With five global campuses, a student body of over 130 nationalities, and a learn-by-doing approach—Hult offers a student experience like no other. . â€Å"I’m from an engineering background and needed a whole new skill set for the industry I wanted to switch to. I learned a lot about myself and how I deal with being out of my comfort zone. I learned both soft and hard skills, from how to work in very diverse teams to key accounting metrics and strategy. I was surprised by how weak I was at certain tasks in English or how strong I actually was in other areas. Hult gave me opportunities to try new things and meet people from places I never thought I would have friends. . My internship experiences gave me the chance to broaden my view of different cultures and different companies. I had the opportunity to work and live with people whose values differed from people in my home country. I thought that this would be difficult, but it gave me the chance to reflect on my own values and assess if they were a result of my home country environment or if they were intrinsically mine. . Diederick ter Kulve (@diederick.terkulve) Netherlands Masters in International Business . â€Å"I’m from an engineering background and needed a whole new skill set for the industry I wanted to switch to. I learned a lot about myself and how I deal with being out of my comfort zone. I learned both soft and hard skills, from how to work in very diverse teams to key accounting metrics and strategy. I was surprised by how weak I was at certain tasks in English or how strong I actually was in other areas. Hult gave me opportunities to try new things and meet people from places I never thought I would have friends. . My internship experiences gave me the chance to broaden my view of different cultures and different companies. I had the opportunity to work and live with people whose values differed from people in my home country. I thought that this would be difficult, but it gave me the chance to reflect on my own values and assess if they were a result of my home country environment or if they were intrinsically mine. . Diederick ter Kulve (@diederick.terkulve) Netherlands Masters in International Business . Say a big hello to our Bachelor of Business Administration program cover star, Elisa Orus Plana âÅ" ¨ . â€Å"I’m excited for the future—especially that I cant predict whats going to happen. Maybe Ill end up in Mexico working for a trading company or maybe in Africa, developing my own business. Everything is possible, and the options are constantly changing. I love the idea that Im never going to be stuck doing the same job until the end of my life if I dont want it to be like this. . Hult really supports me and my ambitions and truly believes that we deserve to be considered as professionals as well as students. Here, I get to express not just my opinions but all elements of myself. From my creative side with the Fashion Society to my finance and business sides in Trading Club and the Management Consulting Club. We get a different type of learning here. Not just essential knowledge and theory, but practical skills and mindset. The school is always evolving. We’re encouraged to innovate and to always look for new ways of doing traditional things. We learn how to be more confident and become aware of how we can impact our environment. The school aims to help you become a better version of yourself and to stand out from the crowd.â€Å" . Elisa Orus Plana French Bachelor of Business Administration Class of 2021 Say a big hello to our Bachelor of Business Administration program cover star, Elisa Orus Plana âÅ" ¨ . â€Å"I’m excited for the future—especially that I cant predict whats going to happen. Maybe Ill end up in Mexico working for a trading company or maybe in Africa, developing my own business. Everything is possible, and the options are constantly changing. I love the idea that Im never going to be stuck doing the same job until the end of my life if I dont want it to be like this. . Hult really supports me and my ambitions and truly believes that we deserve to be considered as professionals as well as students. Here, I get to express not just my opinions but all elements of myself. From my creative side with the Fashion Society to my finance and business sides in Trading Club and the Management Consulting Club. We get a different type of learning here. Not just essential knowledge and theory, but practical skills and mindset. The school is always evolving. We’re encouraged to innovate and to always look for new ways of doing traditional things. We learn how to be more confident and become aware of how we can impact our environment. The school aims to help you become a better version of yourself and to stand out from the crowd.â€Å" . Elisa Orus Plana French Bachelor of Business Administration Class of 2021"> During the final days of 2019, you probably reflected on what you’ve accomplished this year—and even this decade—and what you’d like to achieve in 2020. Let us know in the comments below. During the final days of 2019, you probably reflected on what you’ve accomplished this year—and even this decade—and what you’d like to achieve in 2020. Let us know in the comments below. â€Å"The first time we did group work on the program, I went head-to-head with a colleague. It taught me a lot about how I see people, how people see me, and how conflict can be resolved in a kind and productive way. The best feedback you get, when delivered constructively, is the most critical because it really feeds into how you lead. I’ve completely reversed my leadership style—the result is so much richer and more powerful when you lead from behind and lead with strength. . Studying in tandem with working, whilst challenging, gave me the perfect platform to directly apply learning concepts into my business environment, the competitive landscape, and the real-estate industry as a whole. When I started the program, I was very happy in my corporate role. But my courage and aspirations grew to the point that I took on a whole new direction. Having my career coach, Joanna, as a sounding board allowed me to really be strategic and get to know myself. She coached me thro ugh all the interviews, the research, and the questions. It went in parallel with what I was doing academically and after six months everything just clicked. . I went into the EMBA knowing I had nothing to lose and I’ve come out with everything. Great strength, global friends, amazing learning, mentors from professors, a job I love, and the knowledge that I can set my mind to achieve anything and with the right support and resources I’ll get there.† . Kashani Wijetunga British, New Zealand Sri Lankan Associate Director Senior Strategy Consultant CBRE EMBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"The first time we did group work on the program, I went head-to-head with a colleague. It taught me a lot about how I see people, how people see me, and how conflict can be resolved in a kind and productive way. The best feedback you get, when delivered constructively, is the most critical because it really feeds into how you lead. I’ve completely reversed my leadership style—the result is so much richer and more powerful when you lead from behind and lead with strength. . Studying in tandem with working, whilst challenging, gave me the perfect platform to directly apply learning concepts into my business environment, the competitive landscape, and the real-estate industry as a whole. When I started the program, I was very happy in my corporate role. But my courage and aspirations grew to the point that I took on a whole new direction. Having my career coach, Joanna, as a sounding board allowed me to really be strategic and get to know myself. She coached me thro ugh all the interviews, the research, and the questions. It went in parallel with what I was doing academically and after six months everything just clicked. . I went into the EMBA knowing I had nothing to lose and I’ve come out with everything. Great strength, global friends, amazing learning, mentors from professors, a job I love, and the knowledge that I can set my mind to achieve anything and with the right support and resources I’ll get there.† . Kashani Wijetunga British, New Zealand Sri Lankan Associate Director Senior Strategy Consultant CBRE EMBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"It was now or never. I knew that I’d have likely stayed in my neighborhood for years to come if I didn’t take this opportunity. I’d not lived or studied outside of the U.S. before. So I left my job as a global strategist at an advertising agency and moved halfway around the world. I’ve come back a more culturally aware, well-versed person. I’ve realized that everything is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Ill definitely carry this mindset with me into the future. Technology and social media allow us to be different people in several places at once. Im excited to see how I can establish myself in whatever city Ill be lucky enough to call home and still maintain deep connections with people all over the world. I’m inspired by my classmates every day. Hearing some of their life stories and how getting this degree fits into their greater mission has been very humbling. My biggest challenge has been finding the ‘right’ path for me. There have been rooms Ive felt like I shouldnt be in, but now Im proud to feel as though I truly belong, wherever I am.† . Dwayne Logan, Jnr. American MBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"It was now or never. I knew that I’d have likely stayed in my neighborhood for years to come if I didn’t take this opportunity. I’d not lived or studied outside of the U.S. before. So I left my job as a global strategist at an advertising agency and moved halfway around the world. I’ve come back a more culturally aware, well-versed person. I’ve realized that everything is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Ill definitely carry this mindset with me into the future. Technology and social media allow us to be different people in several places at once. Im excited to see how I can establish myself in whatever city Ill be lucky enough to call home and still maintain deep connections with people all over the world. I’m inspired by my classmates every day. Hearing some of their life stories and how getting this degree fits into their greater mission has been very humbling. My biggest challenge has been finding the ‘right’ path for me. There have been rooms Ive felt like I shouldnt be in, but now Im proud to feel as though I truly belong, wherever I am.† . Dwayne Logan, Jnr. American MBA Class of 2019 . Happy New Year, Hultians! . Happy New Year, Hultians! .

How can financial crisis defined - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1383 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Financial crisis can be defined as a considerable decrease in economic activity extended across the economy, which lasts for a significant amount of time, visible in real GDP growth, real personal income, employment (non-farm payrolls), industrial production, and wholesale-retail sales, we have already seen such a situation at the time of great depression earlier and now since 2007, What was different in the two crisis was the later one was the first one since globalisation, What that meant was that the crisis was no longer restricted to a particular country or region and if a giant economy is hit, the impact of that is felt throughout the world.. It was a notion that this it was the subprime mortgage crisis which caused the Global financial catastrophe; whereas in fact that was one very small part of the string which led to the meltdown of already hollow economy. The actual root cause goes way deep under. In my opinion and many who share the feeling, the real reason of the Global financial crisis was the Global macroeconomic imbalance. Now when its clearly evident that focus of economy has shifted from Industrial, which is primarily transformation from manufacturing to post-Industrialism, which consisted of service industries and ‘off shoring in the east. The fact that over 90 percent of the people employed in USA are working in service industry and the number is ever increasing clearly signifies that. This resulted in shutting down of large manufacturing firms. As a consequence, now manufacturing corporations were no longer the â€Å"central pillars† of American social culture. The shift of economy also forced the shift in the type of employment, from a long-term in manufacturing industries to short-term in service industry and thus the need for more flexible pension system arose, which could transfer the risk from the employers to the employees. According to this scheme, the terminating employee can now decide on his ow n, as how to and where to invest the monetary value of his pension benefits, after being transferred to a succeeding pension plan also known as â€Å"portable pensions†. This signifies the companys pension scheme was now shifted from â€Å"Defined-Benefits† to â€Å"Defied-contributions†. As the mutual funds provided by the financial institutions seemed to be the most profitable investing venture, this became the first choice for every employee to sow in their hard earned money. There was a drastic increase in the mutual fund market and by the year 2001 almost 52% of the households in the US owned mutual fund stocks. The owner of these financial institutions, which were mainly investment banks, owned about 40% of the US industrial assets, which fundamentally made them key owners of commercial America. At the same time these were the same financial organizations which provided pension fund facility to a large group of corporate employers. The financial orga nizations were now concentrating on the ways they could increase the shareholders value as it was sought to be the most relevant measure of the corporate performance. The corporations made it pretty obvious that their main intend was only to create value for their shareholders. Evidently the corporations changed their mission statements which reflected their intentions. In the drive of increasing shareholders value another technique of diversification was brought into being. The companies started diversification in their product lines and services to the extent they could afford, which led to larger unmanaged or outsourced corporations. Consequently the ties between the worker and the employer weakened. The decision was then taken by the FED chairman, Alan Greenspan that the assets like loans on the balance sheet, patents and credit card receivables could now be turned into securities and can be traded on markets. The financial market grew widely after this. The largest banks of Ame rica became the portals to the financial markets, corresponding to the corporate houses of the country. JP Morgan, Bank of America and Citigroup became so huge, that now they owned and managed a hefty share of the assets and deposits of the business. These banks then pounded over small local commercial banks as they were an easy prey for their acquisition. They acquired a large number of US commercial banks along with some major banks in major cities of the country. The federal activities inventory reform act of 1998 was planned and framed to encourage outsourcing in the various government departments. The aim was to amplify the effectiveness of the unit by the help of the private sector. The per annum spending on the contractors doubled by $200 billion during the presidency of Bush. The main job of the private sector in the federal government was to protect the diplomats in a foreign country and running the various government databases. The remaining manufacturing companies i n the US were mainly military contractors, yielding 85% to 90% of their revenue from the government. The businesses of hedge funds, merchant shipping, intellectual property rights were distributed in countries like Bermuda, Cayman Islands in UK, Liberia, other territories of UK and many more. The household which were now both the issuers and investors through mutual fund market were entirely dependent on the financial markets for their growth and security, resultantly the crisis damaged in a much more worst manner than it could have done in normal circumstances. Then the 1991 crisis occurred because in the 1980s economic growth was very rapid and unsustainable therefore inflation increased to over 10%. To reduce this inflation the government increased interest which resulted in lowering of spending, this increase in the rates resulted in the increased the cost of mortgage interest payments. So many people were forced to sell and thus causing a fall in house prices and lower sp ending and there was a big fall in AD. Current crisis basically revolves around the mismanagement of the finances and had the following key points, There was a shortage of finance (following the collapse of northen rock) which uncovered a vicious circle between investment sector and the â€Å"real† economy causing a cost push inflation squeezing incomes and reducing disposable income but most important was the Collapse in confidence of finance sector causing lower confidence amongst real economy The defences that UK can apply for any upcoming recessions can be learned from previous learnings of the recessions. even though there are adverse effects of the falling of the pound sterling, it also brings many positivity along with it. The decline of the UK currency will lead to quick decline in both relative unit labour costs and relative export prices. Consequently which will lead to increase in the net trade although there is a point here, the UK exporters must not raise t heir prices to save some profit margin in this scenario. The ratio of the household debt servicing is also in favour of the UK economy. Even if the debts levels rise, the interest rates should be maintained low. It is vital to fortify the strength and flexibility of the financial system. The government should take steps to decrease the probability of individual commercial and nationalised banks facing complications and even if they do manage to get themselves into trouble there should be immediate actions taken into consideration. There should be arrangements for instant reimbursements in which the consumer market can believe and have faith. Toughen the central bank of the country i.e. Bank of England and guarantee effective and well coordinated actions by the authorities. UKs economy has the capability of handling and surviving through another recession. The financial position of the company is strong and sustained as per the past standards. There is hardly any sign of a wage and price spiral forcing tighter policy. There is a huge room for rate cuts, which is caused by the continuing oil and commodity prices and the membership of the ERM ensures that there is barely any possibility for interest rate cuts final moment around. As correctly said by Stephen Roach, Morgan Stanley â€Å"The lack of monetary discipline has become a hallmark of unfettered globalization. Central banks have failed to provide a stable underpinning to world financial markets and to an increasingly asset-dependent global economy† which we have clearly seen before in 2000(equity bubble) and then in 2007(credit bubble) We can clearly infer from this that though the reforms are needed in many sectors our primary focus should be on the investment and financial sector as money is linked to everything. Don’t waste time! 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John Adams Property and the Right to Vote - 1049 Words

In May 1776[[[,]]] the highly ranked political philosopher John Adams wrote a letter to John Sullivan expressing the republican idea that property should be a prerequisite for the exercise of the right to vote. John Adams was a disciplined scholar that gained knowledge of government and law through his attendance at Harvard University at the age of sixteen. In 1758 he became a recognized able lawyer in Braintree, Massachusetts where he was born. Adams became very involved in government decisions and drew up a set of resolutions protesting the Stamp Act of 1764. He insisted that the act was not binding on the colonies because they were not represented in Britain s Parliament and had not consented to the tax levy. From this John Adams†¦show more content†¦John Adams is a very reliable political figure of history. We can see that he was a very smart man of his time. His letter illustrates history and the lack of the rights of the citizens. He was a man that would stand up in the middle of controversy and has helped shape the foundation of American history. He reacted to any situation he objected to by standing up and enforcing changes. He believed that property owners having the right to vote would be the best decision for the colony. He only desired what he believed was best at the time[[[ok]]]. At this time Britain was one of John Adams biggest opponents. He fought many of the British acts and resisted their rule. The British wanted full control and Adams along with others did not allow that. When the revolution began he was one of the first people to propose American independence. He became the Vice President for George Washington and then became the second President of the United States. His views were similar to other important political figures of his time such as John Jay and Benjamin Franklin.[[[ok]]] Together they negotiated the treaty that ended the American Revolution. John Adams has left his signature in history. He spent the last twenty-five years of his life on his farm in Massachusetts. He no longer participated in politics but remained interested. The American people came to appreciate his integrity and patriotism to America. He died on July 4,Show MoreRelatedDefinition Of Deference On White Males1104 Words   |  5 PagesWhat had most states imposed on white adult males by 1821, how was voting conducted @ this time? Most states imposed property and taxpaying requirements on the white adult males who alone had the vote, and they conducted voting by voice. 3. How were presidential electors chosen? Presidential electors were chosen by state legislatures. 4. What percentage of adult white males votes in 1820? Less than 30 percent of adult white males voted in 1820. 5. Describe the revolution that took place in AmericanRead MoreThe Contributions Of The Jacksonian Era1217 Words   |  5 Pagesmodern president. I agree that the Jacksonian Era was a pivotal period in American History when the role of the Federal Government and the President were redefined. Many changes occurred during the Jacksonian Era like the issue of slavery, women’s rights, multiple reforms, the many panics the United States went through and voting reforms occurred. During the Jacksonian Era the numbers of free slaves grew rapidly, many of them began to become free but they still lacked the equality they deservedRead MoreWomen s Rights During Colonial Times Essay1325 Words   |  6 PagesArgue For Their Rights During Colonial Times In July of 1776, the Declaration of Independence was signed with the idea that all men were created equal. However, â€Å"all men† seemed to only to apply to white males, since women were not granted many of the promises articulated in the Declaration of Independence. 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When women finally got the right to vote, the whole women s movement went down, but never fully went awayRead MoreThe Struggle For Women s Rights850 Words   |  4 Pagesto gain some type of rights or freedoms. In 1775, the American Revolutionary War was fought for independence; In 1865, the American Civil War was fought to end slavery. Although no wars were fought, many battles were waged for women s rights. The struggle for women s rights begin in the mid-late 1800s at a time when women were not allowed to vote or own property. Women, as with African-Americans, during this period were not recognized as having any legal and political rights as men and whites, respectivelyRead MoreThe Original Riot Grrrls By Elizabeth Cady Stanton1385 Words   |  6 Pages The Original Riot Grrrls The 19th Amendment guarantees a vote for women in the United States of America, but how did this constitutional change happen? Many females prior to this accomplishment faced struggles from external forces that denied their rights and capabilities. Feminism and equal rights were and still are prominent in American society. In order to provide women of the future what is rightfully theirs, women during the 1700s have taken control of their opinions and used their strong-willRead MoreThe Causes Of The American Revolution1137 Words   |  5 Pagesbecame very distressful due to the discrimination they had to experience. The colonist had enough with the taxation, and because the British mistreated them, they decided to fight to be free from England. Other factors also motivated them for their rights and freedom for instance, â€Å"common sense† pamphlets that Thomas Paine created. My father also got motivated by the Pamphlet â€Å"Common Sense† which challenged the Great B ritain to provide the colonist their freedom. From September 5 to October 26, 1774Read MoreDemocracy : A Country Of A Phenomenal Government Essay1608 Words   |  7 Pagesnation. The facade of democracy circulating throughout America’s blood began immediately after the last quill stroke of John Hancock’s bold signature on the document that established an independent nation. In opposition to Great Britain’s rule, the Declaration of Independence strategically and deliberately stated that if the government failed to preserve the inviolable rights of â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness† that people had the authority to overthrow and institute a new government

Space Shifting Electronic Media and Films

Question: Discuss about theSpace Shiftingfor Electronic Media and Films. Answer: Introduction Network Society is an expression that was invented by Stein Braten in 1981which described a society that is governed by improved technology and information systems. Apparently, it relates to the changes that affect the social, political, cultural and political aspects of the society (Smoot et al, 2011). However, there are other sociologists (Manuel Castells) who have come up with other related studies that support Bratens study. Space Shifting Space shifting is whereby an electronic media, films, documents or videos are transferred from one device to another and viewed from there. It enabled these things to be accessed and viewed from a device different from that which they were stored in (Castells, 2011). Therefore, it means that the format of the information or data in question must be changed to be able to suit the required or current digital view option. This shifting has brought so much effects to the society in relation to the social, political and ethical aspects which include: It has made it easier for people from different geographical regions to socialize more especially through the use of internet and mobile phones. This kind of network society can be used by different political groups to convey their messages, challenges and complaints to the government and the authorities (Castells, 2008). These networks are used through the access of the internet by these groups of people who may have the desire to protest. It has led to the disruption of the traditional levels of power. This means that the chances of people losing their ethical values and codes is high. Timeless Time This was realized by Manuel Castells after he discovered how structural changes to the society (economy and culture) had affected the relevancy of space and time. This refers to the management of time and making it suitable for ones work schedule. It means that the activities that one has to do must be within the time period set for them to take place (Castells, 2007). Castells argues that in the modern technology world or age, there have been these challenges that have come up and have affected the working schedules of people. The new technology change has brought a variety of changes into the world that are completely different from the previous. Timeless time does not refer to the actual disappearance of time but the fact that it is being ignored. The changes include: It enables one to be in one place at different times or doing different activities at once. E.g. listening to music and reading an online article or browsing. It also enables different people from different geographical regions to communicate at the same time therefore sharing ideas and opinions on different subjects e.g. through skype. However, there are other scientists who have different arguments about the network society. Sociologist Zygmon Bauman argues that it is idealistic and Utopian while Frank Webster argues that it puts so much emphasis on influence of technology on humans and Nicholas Garnham says that network society is just an extension of industrial capitalism and therefore does not focus on all the staged of industrialization which is wrong. Conclusion Castells argument on network society are valid because he says that it has caused so many changes in the society especially in terms of globalization in general. Therefore, network society if very useful when effecting changes in the society. References Castells, M. (2007). Communication, power and counter-power in the network society.International journal of communication,1(1), 29. Smoot, M. E., Ono, K., Ruscheinski, J., Wang, P. L., Ideker, T. (2011). Cytoscape 2.8: new features for data integration and network visualization.Bioinformatics,27(3), 431-432. Castells, M. (2011).The rise of the network society: The information age: Economy, society, and culture(Vol. 1). John Wiley Sons. Castells, M. (2008). The new public sphere: Global civil society, communication networks, and global governance.The aNNalS of the american academy of Political and Social Science,616(1), 78-93.