The Industrial Revolution Essay - 595 Words

The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution is a term usually applied to the social and economic changes that mark the transition from a stable agricultural and commercial society, to a modern industrial society relying on complex machinery rather than tools. There have been numerous debates to the use of this term because the word revolution suggests sudden, violent, unparalleled change. Even though there was an unparalleled change in the world, it was by no means sudden nor violent. The worlds social and economic structures changed due to marvelous inventions and innovations. These inventions and innovations led to a factory system of large-scale machine production and greater economic specialization. Britain is†¦show more content†¦In India, this idea of industrialization had a complete opposite effect. Indias economy survived on two major markets; the cotton market and the agricultural market. The cotton was grown by hand, picked by hand, and weaved by hand. Because of this, Indian cotton and cotton products were the best in the world and they carried a best in the world price. Beautifully hand woven cotton was very expensive and because of this, weavers and growers were living comfortably. But when the Industrial Revolution hit Britain, this all changed. The British (and an American man named Eli Whitney) invented new machines, such as the Spinning Jenny and the Cotton Gin, that could pick and weave cotton almost ten times faster than a hand could. Because more cotton products could be produced in a shorter time and therefore would cost less money, people began buying British cotton goods. This drove Indian cotton farmers and weavers out of work. And because of this, these unskilled workers had to move to cities or take up other jobs. For most Indians, this was impossible because they were so unskilled. No only did industrialization ravage the Indian Cotton Industry, but it ravaged Indian family traditions. Indians, who were lucky to find work, foun d it harder and harder to spend time with their families. So family ties and traditions almost ended right then. And since a large portion of the population relied on the Cotton Industry, aShow MoreRelatedIndustrial Of The Industrial Revolution1666 Words   |  7 PagesMartinez English IV, 1st hour 4/29/16 The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution set people away from farms and small villages and moved them to cities and towns because of the job opportunities that arose in the cities. The Industrial Revolution not only helped people move along in the late 1700s and early 1800s but also it has made the people what they are today. During the Industrial Revolution, the movement from an agrarian society to an industrial one reshaped the roles of families, widenRead MoreThe Revolution Of The Industrial Revolution917 Words   |  4 PagesWhen thinking of the industrial revolution, I usually correlate this transitional period to great advancements in machinery, and an increase in jobs. However, after looking past the surface of the industrial revolution, in regards to the promise of great wealth, this promise was not kept, along with other issues. I believe that a â€Å"better life† would mean that people would not have to go through the same struggles they once did before the revolution, struggles such as not having a job, money, homeRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution943 Words   |  4 PagesThe Industrial Revolution, a Revolution that began in Britain in the nineteenth century, saw people move from working in the farming industry to working in factories. This transition from an agrarian society meant that many people moved to cities in search of jobs. New methods of manufacturing allowed goods to be produced far more cheaply and quickly than before. However, the Revolution came with its own negative consequences. The lives of children during the Industrial Revolution were torturousRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution1633 Words   |  7 Pagesmeans of communication, factories to manufacture the products you need, places to work, and ways to travel and transport goods. And what made these possible? The answer is the Industrial Revolution, which started in Europe around the year 1730. A revolution is a major change or turning point in something. The Industrial Revolution was a major turning point in history and in the way people lived. Their careers, living situations, location, values, and daily routines all changed, and they needed it desperatelyRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution1097 Words   |  5 PagesBefore the advent of the Industrial Revolution, most people resided in small, rural communities where their daily existences revolved around farming. Life for the average person was difficult, as incomes were meager, and malnourishment and disease were common. People produced the bulk of their own food, clothing, furniture and tools. Most manufacturing was done in homes or small, rural shops, using hand tools or simple machines. Did You Know? The word luddite refers to a person who is opposedRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution1090 Words   |  5 PagesShort Term Misery†¦ Long Term Gain There are two major industrializations that have occurred through out history, both which began in England. The Industrial Revolution was from 1750 until 1800. The first and second industrialization were filled with many inventions, new societal ideas, new raw materials, new sources of power, also new ideas and societal implements were made enabling the world and society to evolve. Overall these industrialization was filled with death, neglect, and disease but endedRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution936 Words   |  4 Pageseconomist Robert Emerson Lucas wrote in regards to the Industrial revolution: For the first time in history, the living standards of the masses of ordinary people have begun to undergo sustained growth. The novelty of the discovery that a human society has this potential for generating sustained improvement in the material aspects of the lives of all its members, not just the ruling elite, cannot be overstressed.† (Lucas 2002). The revolution itself was ce ntred in Britain before spreading to theRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution705 Words   |  3 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was the quintessence of capitalistic ideals; it bred controversy that led to Karl Marx’s idea of communism as a massive grass roots reaction to the revolution’s social abuses. Firstly, the Industrial Revolution featured the construction of machines, systems and factories that allowed goods to be manufactured at a faster rate with a lower cost. The seed drill made it so there could be â€Å"a semi-automated, controlled distribution and plantation of wheat seed†(Jones 2013). SecondlyRead MoreIndustrial Revolution1160 Words   |  5 Pagesend of the 19th century, a significant change took place in the fundamental structure of the economy. That change was industrialization. During this time period, the United States of America changed from a large, agricultural country, to an urban industrial society. The process of industrialization began to take place in America, and eventually took over the economy during this period. Entrepreneurs and inventors put together various machines and businesses to help better the country function on aRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Essay2099 Words   |  9 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was one of the largest social and cultural movements that changed the methods of manufacturing of metal and textiles, the transportation system, economic policies and social structure as well. Before the Industrial Revolution, people used to live by season due to agriculture. They thrived on whatever food was in season. Now, as a result of the Industrial Revolution, we live regimented and almost everything that is made, is mass produced. I will discuss three major topics

Gender Issues and Sexuality in Marge Piercys Sex Wars...

Sex Wars; a title provocative enough to garner not only a second look when encountered on an overcrowded bookshelf, but undoubtedly a perfunctory lift from the shelf and a superficial perusal. If you do delve deeper into the novel by Marge Piercy you come to see that Sex alludes to gender and the relationship between men and women; not just the act. War denotes power, agency; a struggle to gain it, fought in our own cities not on some far off shores. It isnt peculiar that Marge Piercy would devote over four hundred pages to such a struggle. A prolific author of poetry, fiction and non; Piercy, a staunch feminist, always examines womens roles, especially those traditionally relegated to men. in her work. (Unknown) Sex Wars does that as†¦show more content†¦It was not until the twenty-seventh of forty-five chapters when the lives of the characters began to intertwine and the story as a whole began to take shape. By that time, the suspense had turned to longing and had begun t o feel burdensome. The setting was analogical genius. Just as American society was reconstructing its values and identity after the civil war and with the rise of the industrial revolution, so was each character. Victoria Woodhull, born into a transient poverty-stricken criminal family, envisioned, planned and executed a life of wealth and respectability for herself. Freydeh Levin, disadvantaged in wealth, heritage, familiar ties and with limited means of supporting herself carved out a niche in an oppressive society in which she not only thrived financially but created a much longed for family. Elizabeth Cady Stanton was the ideal of the time; a devoted wife and mother. Although she has attained such status she envisioned and worked for more for herself and all women, renovating society and herself. Even Anthony Comstock, the true ideal of the time: male, national and ambitious is fueled to restructure society and by doing so transforms himself. Although each personality differed g reatly, they all shared the struggle against the society of their time and their success at re-shaping themselves and subsequently society, on their own terms; therein lies the theme. In a novel so

Drivers of Product Quality Improvement †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Drivers of Product Quality Improvement. Answer: Introduction: The goal of any business organization that gets into the market with a product or a service is to make a profit from the selling the good or the service from the customers. Before a decision is made regarding a particular product production, there must be a gap in the market that should be existing that should be catered for. The difference in this context implies a difference between supply and demand. Consumer needs are usually the main trigger towards the production of a particular commodity or service. However, how much better an organization produces a helpful product, marketing plays a critical as it determines the success rate of the same product. The marketing strategy that should be embraced by a particular organization should be in a position to convince new customers on the purpose of the product as well as maintain an existing customer. In other words, any production and marketing of a particular product or service should be aim at the sustainability of the business in th e days to come. Technology has been in the lead as far as marketing of the goods and services is concerned in the 21st century. The marketing strategy applied should be efficient and convenient to ensure that whenever an organization gets to the market will not make losses but instead make a profit. One of the products that have been doing well in the market is Anza espresso machine which provides solves a problem of making coffee in the hotel industry. In the course of this research, the concentration will be directed to marketing aspects that are related to Anza espresso and how it has been in successfully been maintained in the market in the competitive business world. One of the industries that in the global business perspective that is growing at an alarming rate is the hotel industries. The number of customers who are being served in the local and international hotels is increasing annually. The law of demands and supply tend to be applied in that with the increase in the number of the customers; the demand goes up which is relative to the increase in the profit until a certain point when the increase will be constant. Despite the market expanding, the number of organizations who are getting into the industry to utilize the opportunity is also growing at an alarming rate. After the industry started experiencing the full impact of the law of demand and supply, the only remaining thing is to come up with a mechanism to lower operational costs as well as improve quality to attract more customers and maximize profits. As a result of this Anza espresso machine which is an electronic equipment that will develop the strong coffee taste is introduced in the market. Anza espresso machine aims at reducing the number of employees who are employed in a particular organization to offer their services. When the appliance is introduced into an organization, some of the recurring costs such as salaries and allowances is reduced while on the hand they increase the quality of the services they to the customers. Anza espresso machine is ideologically designed in a manner that it enhances portability as well as save on the space. The appliance is available with white and wood details by weighing 15 Kg making it easy to carry and handle (Cruz et al., 2012). The product is meant for the Australian market and will be released at an affordable price that favors the market. One of the reasons as to why the idea of introducing the Anza espresso is due to the need of the hotel industry to revive the concept of strong coffee which is increasing on a daily basis. Despite the fact that that the concept of strong coffee exists, the experience needs to be advanced to a level that the customers will be fully satisfied. Also, in the past couple of years, coffee consumption has increased annually. The high consumption rate implies that the market is growing regarding demand and something should be done to close the gap. Black coffee, in particular, has attracted the majority of the consumers which requires a specialized tool to make it in bulk and maintain the taste as per the expectation of the customers. From the market research conducted 2014, the consumers of the black coffee are the parents. Marketing of the Anza espresso machine As stated earlier, the market is the primary success determinant as this will be showing what is required in ensuring that the customers are aware of a new product that is released in the market. For the organization to succeed in the marketing of the product, both the primary and secondary marketing techniques should be used to reach out the customers and increase the level of acceptance. Before deciding on a particular product or service marketing, it is advisable for an organization to research to ensure that it gathers the required information that will be of importance in the release of the product. Gathering of research in the market helps the organization to identify the issues that exist in the market that can lead to failure. Also, the organization will be in a position to understand the various competitors that are in the market before the release of the product and the strategies they utilize to remain competitive. Primary techniques of information gathering in this contex t include the use of surveys, Questionnaires and focus groups. The three primary methods primarily aim at meeting the stakeholders on direct contact basis to ensure that they give the information that is relevant regarding a particular activity. The interested parties in this context are all those individuals who either directly or indirectly are involved in the production as well as consumption of the product. It covers the community, the government, the consumers and the employees of the organization that is involved in the production of the product. Stakeholders engagement Involving the stakeholders enhances the acceptance rate of a particular as it develops a sense of ownership among them. For example, when the government is involved in the production of a particular product and service, it responds by giving the required standards of operation of the product. The government aims at ensuring that the laws regarding a particular product and service production are followed to the letter. Therefore, this prevents the organization from being involved in an activity that does not enhance public protection. Also, when the market and the community are participating in a production information gathering as stakeholders, the acceptance of the product or service is much higher. Some beliefs are usually within a particular community that many at times hinder the success of a product. For instance, if the community beliefs that are consuming a particular product or service will affect its people negatively, no matter how good the product and solving a particular problem, it will not be accepted. In the community, there dwells the customers and the market where an organization aims at. The consumers are the main reason as to why a particular idea is implemented. It is important to first understand the scope of the problems of the problem before being involved an attempt of solving it. When the customers are consulted before the release of a particular product, they become aware of what is going and thus when the actual implementation comes, the chances of failure of the product will be reduced. They become part of the product production an as well as they are involved in the marketing. The final and very crucial aspect of production is the employees' involvement. When the employees are involved in the production activity, there are high chances that the expectation of the organization is met with ease. An organization may proceed and gather information from the external sources, but the implementers of the ideas are the employees. When the e mployees are less involved in the decision-making process, the final product will have faults or even fail to address the issues raised by the customers. An organization involves it employees through proper communication to make them aware of the goals and what the customers' needs are. On the other hand, secondary techniques of information gathering involve use of journals, articles, and the internet (Zikmund et al., 2014). In the secondary information gathering, it involves making the organization aware of what other researchers did regarding a particular product. The research conducted saves the organization from being involved in an activity that other organizations participated in and failed. Also, the organization is made aware of the current status of the market before actualizing an idea. When the organization is aware of what is taking place outside the organization, it produces products that are in line with the expectation of the customers. Instances that may lead to the failure of the organization are avoided at all cost. The information collected using secondary methodologies is subjected to quantitative analysis through statistics and table formats. Analysis helps to determine the various factors that are to be considered in the production activity. Th e management usually, sets a benchmark which will be used in the production and when a deviation is experienced correction can be made with immediate effect. The analysis, in this case, involves the marketing strategies used by the various related companies in their production. The best strategy is adopted which promotes the success of the organization. Market Assessment and demand assessment Before the organization decides to adopt a particular marketing strategy, there is need to have an assessment done to the market to identify the various factors that may impact the process of marketing both positively and negatively. One of the assessments that should be highly considered consumption behavior of the product idea in this context Anza espresso machine. This usually starts with the feasibility study to identify the market opportunities. In the context of Anza espresso, the assessment that should conduct should focus on the factors that are making consumption of strong Black coffee go up. In this regard, the company should consider the market population that is making the hike in demand. In this case, coffee is largely consumed by the youth and the working women who prefer the beverage to other drinks such as tea (Biotto et al., 2012). Therefore, in the design of the appliance, it should consider the taste and preference of the youth and women to ensure that only what is relevant is incorporated. The taste and preference should also consider what the competitors are offering and how they should make it unique. Sustainability issues should also be considered as this will determine if the product will be long term or short term. If the factors are not favorable for the long-term success of the market, they should be avoided at all costs. In the market and demand assessment, marketing mix model should be considered. In this case, the Four Ps model is considered as they will influence customer purchasing decision. The four Ps are product, price, promotion, and place. In this context, Anza espresso is the result which is designed with features that favor usability. The machine as initially stated is portable and lightweight. The price, in this case, should be set in a way that the customers get the real values of their money. The price should also be in line within the range of the various competitors. Promotion involves how marketing will be done. In this case, Anza espresso will utilize the use of modern technology in the marketing. Finally, the place discusses the target market and the timing. Anza espresso will be made available in the Australian electrical market by 2018 according to Luan and Sudhir (2010). References Biotto, M., De Toni, A. F., Nonino, F. (2012). Knowledge and cultural diffusion along the supply chain as drivers of product quality improvement: the illycaff case study.The International Journal of Logistics Management,23(2), 212-237. Cruz, R., Cardoso, M. M., Fernandes, L., Oliveira, M., Mendes, E., Baptista, P., Casal, S. (2012). Espresso coffee residues: a valuable source of unextracted compounds.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,60(32), 7777-7784. Frost, W., Laing, J., Wheeler, F., Reeves, K. (2010). Coffee culture, heritage and destination image: Melbourne and the Italian model.Coffee culture, destinations, and tourism,24, 99. Huang, R., Sarigll, E. (2014). How brand awareness relates to the market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. In Fashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Iannario, M., Manisera, M., Piccolo, D., Zuccolotto, P. (2012). The sensory analysis in the food industry as a tool for marketing decisions. Advances in Data Analysis and classification,6(4), 303-321. Luan, Y. J., Sudhir, K. (2010). Forecasting marketing-mix responsiveness for new products management. Journal of Marketing Research,47(3), 444-457. Smith, J. A. (Ed.). (2015).Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage. Zikmund, W. G., D'Alessandro, S., Winzar, H., Lowe, B., Babin, B. (2014).Marketing research. Cengage Learning Australia.

Financial Management Principals and Applications

Question: Describe about the Financial Management for Principals and Applications. Answer: 1. The NPV of the given projects based on the cash flow expected over the project life is computed below using 10% as the discount rate (Damodaran, 2008). Discounted cash flows ($) Year A B C D E F 0 -100000.00 -150000.00 -60000.00 -100000.00 -50000.00 -100000.00 1 18181.82 -45454.55 18181.82 54545.45 18181.82 27272.73 2 33057.85 82644.63 33057.85 49586.78 33057.85 24793.39 3 45078.89 75131.48 30052.59 75131.48 45078.89 22539.44 4 54641.08 95621.88 0.00 0.00 27320.54 20490.40 NPV ($) 50959.63 57943.45 21292.26 79263.71 73639.10 -4904.04 Cumulative NPV 50959.63 108903.08 130195.34 209459.05 283098.15 278194.11 It is apparent from the above table, that cumulative NPV is increasing with every project except project F. Thus, project F is not acceptable as it leads to reduction of the total NPV arising from the investment. However, it is known that the company has a capital of only $ 300,000 to invest. The projects are divisible and hence allocation must be done in accordance with the highest NPV generated per dollar invested (Shim and Siegel, 2008). NPV generated per dollar invested Amount ($) A 0.51 B 0.39 C 0.35 D 0.79 E 1.47 Hence, firstly allocated would be made to project E ($50,000), D ($100,000), A ($100,000) and remaining $ 50,000 would be invested in project B since part investment in the project is also feasible. NPV generated from E =$ 10 NPV generated from D = $ 79263.71 NPV generated from A = $ 50,959.63 NPV generated from B = (50000/150000)* 57943.45 = $ 19,314.48 Total NPV generated from allocated projects = $ 223,176.92 Now, investment cannot be divided and hence the capital allocation would be made on the basis of highest NPV that is derived from the project keeping in mind that all the capital is used and no capital stays idle. Hence, the chosen projects should be B, D and E since these generate the highest amount of NPV and are also able to completely utilise the initial capital of $ 300,000 (Petty et. al., 2015). The total NPV of the acquired projects = $ 57943.45 + $ 71 + $ 73639.10 = $ 210, 846.3 It is known that projects A and E are exclusive. Since projects are divisible, hence selection would again be done on NPV generated per dollar of investment. NPV generated per dollar invested Amount ($) A 0.51 B 0.39 C 0.35 D 0.79 E 1.47 Between A and E, it is apparent that E is preferable since it offers higher returns per unit investment and also in absolute terms (Parrino and Kidwell, 2011). Hence, investment in project E = $ 50,000 Then, investment of $ 100,000 would be made in project D due to second highest value of NPV generation. Since, A cannot be chosen, hence investment of $ 150,000 would be made in project B which would exhaust the available capital completely (Brealey, Myers and Allen, 2008). Total NPV of the projects acquired = $ 57943.45 + $ 71 + $ 73639.10 = $ 210, 846.3 2. The NPV of the given projects is estimated assuming the discount rate to be 10%. Present value Year Cash flow A ($) Cash flow B ($) PV Factor Project A Project B 0 -100000 -140000 1.00 -100000 -140000 1 30000 53000 0.91 27272.73 48181.82 2 35000 53000 0.83 28925.62 43801.65 3 40000 53000 0.75 30052.59 39819.68 4 45000 53000 0.68 30735.61 36199.71 5 55000 53000 0.62 34150.67 32908.83 NPV 51,137.22 60,911.7 The IRR may be defined as that rate at which the NPV of the project becomes zero (Damodaran, 2008). Project A The IRR comes out to be 26.46% as shown below. Year Cash flow A ($) PV Factor Project A 0 -100000 1.00 -100000 1 30000 0.79 23723.86 2 35000 0.63 21887.51 3 40000 0.49 19781.2 4 45000 0.39 17598.24 5 55000 0.31 17009.19 NPV 0 Project B The IRR comes out to be 25.88% as shown below. Year Cash flow B ($) PV Factor Project B 0 -140000 1.00 -140000 1 53000 0.79 42103.78 2 53000 0.63 33447.71 3 53000 0.50 26571.23 4 53000 0.40 21108.48 5 53000 0.32 16768.81 NPV 0 The relation between discount rate and NPV for the two projects is summarised in the table below. Discount Rate (%) NPV (Project A) NPV (Project B) 0 105,000.00 125,000.00 10 51,137.22 60,911.70 20 16,259.36 18,502.44 25.88 1,296.80 0.00 26.46 0.00 -1,630.20 The requisite diagram is shown below. It is apparent that both the projects are feasible and commercially viable. However, the exact acceptability would depend upon the cost of capital. Assuming the cost of capital of 10% per annum, project B would be more preferable as compared to A since it delivers a higher NPV although the investment is also higher in this case. However, with regards to IRR as the decision making tool, preference would be given to project A as it has a higher value of IRR. Clearly, there is a conflict between the two metrics and in such situations preference is given to NPV instead of IRR (Brealey, Myers and Allen, 2008). 3. In the given case, the range of financing for the various sources and also their corresponding cost after tax has been provided. Also, it is known that the target capital structure for the firm is the one it currently has. Contribution of long term debt through debentures = $ 1,500,000*(245.33/200) = $ 1,839,975 Contribution of share equity = $ 1,500,000 * (23/15) = $ 2,300,000 Contribution of preference shares = $ 400,000 *(5.75/5) = $ 460,000 Total capital = $ 4,599,975 Weight of long term debt = (1839975/4599975)*100 = 40% Weight of share capital = (2300000/4599975)*100 = 50% Weight of preference shares = (460000/4599975)*100 = 10% Using the above information, the breaking points may be determined as shown below (Shim and Siegel, 2008). Breaking point (Long term Debt) = 300000/0.4 = $ 750,000 Breaking point (Preference Shares) = 100000/0.1 = $ 1,000,000 Breaking point (Equity shares) = 500000/0.5 = $ 1,000,000 There are the following ranges of financing that are viable based on the calculation above. Case 1: 0 to $ 750,000 Source of Finance Optimum Weight Amount Long term debt 40% 300,000 Equity 50% 375,000 Preference Share 10% 75,000 Case 2: 750,000 -$ 1,000,000 Source of Finance Optimum Weight Amount Long term debt 40% 400,000 Equity 50% 500,000 Preference Share 10% 100,000 Case 3: $1,000,000- $2,00,000 In this case, the contribution of equity would exceed more than $ 500,000 and hence the cost of capital would change. Case 4: $2,000,000- $ 2,400,000 In this case, the contribution of equity would exceed more than $ 1,000,000 and hence the cost of capital would change. Case 5: More than $ 2,400,000 In this case, the contribution of debt would be more than $ 600,000 and hence the cost of capital would change The corresponding WACC for the various cases presented above are as follows (Petty et. al., 2015). Case 1: 0 to $ 750,000- WACC calculation is shown below. Source of Finance Optimum Weight Post tax cost Effective cost Long term debt 40% 6.5 2.6 Equity 50% 11 5.5 Preference Share 10% 9.5 0.95 Total 9.05 Case 2: 750,000 -$ 1,000,000 WACC calculation is shown below. Source of Finance Optimum Weight Post tax cost Effective cost Long term debt 40% 7.5 3 Equity 50% 11 5.5 Preference Share 10% 9.5 0.95 Total 9.45 Case 3: $ 1,000,000 - $ 2,000,000 - WACC calculation is shown below. Source of Finance Optimum Weight Post tax cost Effective cost Long term debt 40% 7.5 3 Equity 50% 12.5 6.25 Preference Share 10% 10 1 Total 10.25 Case 4: $ 2,000,000 - $ 2,400,000 - WACC calculation is shown below. Source of Finance Optimum Weight Post tax cost Effective cost Long term debt 40% 7.5 3 Equity 50% 14 7 Preference Share 10% 10 1 Total 11 Case 5: More than $ 2,400,000 - WACC calculation is shown below. Source of Finance Optimum Weight Post tax cost Effective cost Long term debt 40% 9 3.6 Equity 50% 14 7 Preference Share 10% 10 1 Total 11.6 The IRR associated with the various investment opportunities is given below, Investment Opportunity IRR A 14% B 12% C 11% D 10% E 9% F 8% The requisite plot is shown below (Parrino and Kidwell, 2011). From the above, it is apparent that the projects that would be funded are A,B and C. This is because the total amount of funding required for these in $ 1,000,000. For D, the marginal cost of capital would be higher than the IRR delivered, hence it would not be chosen. Project E and F are not feasible due to lower IRR (Damodaran, 2008). If project C is not available, then investment opportunity D can be pursued instead of it as the IRR of this would be greater than the marginal cost of capital (Shim and Siegel, 2008). 4. The various risks that tend to impact the shareholders and/or financial managers are highlighted below (Petty et. al., 2015). Business Risk Every business has an underlying risk which would be driven by the nature of business model. This business risk may be compounded due to adverse economic conditions and other factors which may undermine the stability of the business. Financial Risk Typically, all business have obtained some level of credit and it is imperative that the money should be returned in a timely fashion along with the requisite interest payments. Delays in this regards or inability to meet the payments may lead to insolvency. Liquidity Risk This risk is primarily faced by the shareholders of the company when there is not enough liquidity for the securities of the company and hence there is a high liquidity premium which may be charged. Market Risk The value of the share of the company is driven by a plethora of factors and is exposed to systematic risk or market risk which the shareholders have exposure to due to underlying fluctuations in the stock price. Tax and Exchange rate Risk Any unfavourable alterations in the tax regime or exchange rate could have impact on the earnings of the firm and impact its growth and market value. Hence, this is a risk factor for both managers and shareholders. References Brealey, R., Myers, S. and Allen, F. (2008), Principles of Corporate Finance (Global edition), New York: McGraw Hill Publications Damodaran, A. (2008), Corporate Finance, London: Wiley Publications Parrino, R. and Kidwell, D. (2011), Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, London: Wiley Publications Petty, J.W., Titman, S., Keown, A.J., Martin, P., Martin J.D. Burrow, M. (2015), Financial Management: Principles and Applications, Sydney: Pearson Australia, Shim, J.K. and Siegel, J.G. (2008), Financial Management, New York: Barrons

Stupid Ticker Tape free essay sample

Our line was straight. However, if it was not straight, that may have been due to friction f. Yes; whenever the acceleration was constant, it would be a straight line. When there is no acceleration, it is still technically constant, so therefore there would also be a straight line. G. There would have been greater acceleration (steeper slope) if the ramp had been made When the angle is greater/steeper this causes gravity to have a greater affect/influence n the cart on the slope. There is a greater component acting on the cart because of how steep the new ramp would be. C) Conclusion: As a result of this experiment, it can be concluded that the velocity-time graph of an object with constant acceleration is shown by a straight line and the acceleration can be determined by finding the slope. In this experiment, we saw 3 distinct constant accelerations (will be labeled here by as a, b, and c). We will write a custom essay sample on Stupid Ticker Tape or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The cart started off by going down the 80 CM ramp at a constant acceleration of for 0. Seconds.Once it reached the end of the ramp, it decelerated to in 0. 15 seconds. Once it reached flat ground, the cart continued to move with no acceleration( ATA constant velocity of for 0. 525 seconds. Nevertheless, this experiment could have been improved by using a smoother ramp to reduce friction, as well as using a more accurate measuring device. All in all, this experiment proved that a velocity-time graph of an object with constant acceleration is shown by a straight line and the acceleration can be found by finding the slope.

Global Warming Arguments For and Against

Global Warming Arguments For and Against Arguments for Global Warming Global warming has been thought as a theory that global average temperatures have been rising and will continue to rise as a result of mankind activities. As an effect, this paper critically discusses the argument put forward by the believers the argument put forward by non- believers of global warming. It also highlights solutions which can be used to solve this global problem.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global Warming: Arguments For and Against specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Global warming has been defined as â€Å"the rising average temperature of Earths atmosphere and oceans and its related effects† (Gleick, 2001). Believers of this theory have attributed anthropogenic activities to climate change. People like Gore have called for actions in which they say that each of the human races has the responsibility of dealing with climate change. In proving that global warming is not a theory but a fact, believers claim that, it impacts like: melting of arctic sea ice, rise in the sea level, surface temperature rise, melting of glaciers and permafrost, desertification due to extreme drought conditions, prevalence of heavy down pour leading to flooding, increase in average surface temperature, increase in strength and frequency of hurricanes, increase in frequency of heat waves and acidification of sea water are just evident and anybody can either feel or see them. According to believers of global warming, the number of category four and five hurricanes has almost increased in the last few decades, waves of heat will at one point be more frequent and more intense as temperature increases, death will double in a quarter a century to 300,000 people annually. In addition, millions of species globally will at one point be extinct as a result of global warming, by 2050 there will be no ice in Arctic Ocean, new and invasive species will be introduced and sea lev el will rise by over 20ft coupled with loss of shelf ice in Antarctic and Greenland. All these seem to be fully supported by those like Eric. Most scientists like Eric Staig, who is an earth scientist agree with this, claiming that the whole issue about global warming has not been addressed well by different stakeholders; hence its effects will still be evident. He mentions the drowning of four bears as being one of the effects of global warming (Michael, Nikkhah, 2004). Sceptics of Global Warming It is worth to note that sceptics of climate change have very strong roots from the past sceptics of global warming. According to Glover (2007), believers of climate change have based their arguments on serious scientific errors that are misleading. He claims that, when Gore claimed that glacier will melt due to global warming is misleading.Advertising Looking for essay on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Historica l records show that ice has been melting in some mountains since 1880 as a result of land use changes, humidity changes and rainfall patterns. In a ruling made by Burton, scientific evidence proves that ice melting is not mainly due to anthropogenic activities (Glover, 2007). The argument that increase in CO2 in the environment is immoral, is among the claims refuted by sceptics, because it ignores photosynthesis science. It is a fact that plants need CO2 to manufacture food, so an increase of CO2 gas will translate to plant productivity. It has been argued that CO2 gas is not poison. As a matter of fact, in Devonian era, vascular plants thrived well with CO2 levels being over 20 times the current one and temperatures were not much different from what we are experiencing today, in fact man will have plenty to eat with high CO2 concentration. By looking at the argument that sea level will rise by six meter 20fts, is an exaggeration that is unreasonable. This prediction is not in line with scientific results like the IPCC, which holds that in the coming 100 years, sea level will rise by between 0.1m and 0.8m. According to scientific records, sea level rose by 1mm between 1900 and 1951, which later decline by almost the same rate in 1980. It is also worth noting according to them that, 125,000 years ago at a time when CO2 concentration was much lower sea level abnormally rose to excess of six meters, 7,000 years ago it went up more than two meters and 1,000 ago it rose by 0.5 meters. Climate is defined scientifically as â€Å"average weather conditions over a long period of time. So, climate is having inherent variables hence individual weather condition cannot indicate climatic trend† (Stern, 2007). Using events like floods, hurricane and Katrina, to explain global warming is incorrect. Moreover, claiming that U.S responsibility is misleading and unfair, according to economists. This is because, comparing fuel economy standards of the country and that of others is unfair; some say that if burning fossil fuels is done away with, emission of green-house gas will reduce. But, what will happen to businesses? They will end up coming to a standstill, leading to loss of jobs which translates to poverty. The argument provided by U.S not to ratify the Kyoto protocol is basically from economic reasons (Stern, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Global Warming: Arguments For and Against specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to a ruling made by Burton, drowning of polar bear was not as a result of global warming as many have claimed. Non-believers have asserted that a number of bears were drowned while trying to swim further to find ice. However, the fact is, the four polar bears drowning was as a result of violent storm Sceptics have also refuted the claim that increases in CO2 release, will lead to increase in surface temperature. This is because, the statistics and g raphs were wrongly interpreted, sceptics claim that the data are not ice core one but rather Mann et al research group. Documentations prove that between 100-1300 AD temperatures were just as high as now. So, claiming that CO2 gas caused an increase in temperature was disapproved based on the fact that, increase in CO2 gas was trailing temperature increase between 800 and 2000 years (Revkin, 2005). In addition, according to Walter, et al (2006), the green house effect is as a result of a combination of various variables including clouds, water vapour, CO2 contributing to, 24%, 54% and 14% respectively. Now, using Stefan Boltzmann equation to CO2 gas, raise in temperature will be less than 0.5 degree Celsius between now and the time its concentration will double (Walter et al, 2006). Proposed Solutions to Global Warming Mitigation; this has been done to reduce global warming effects in future particularly by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This involves manufacturing products that can be reused or recycled as one way of dealing with this problem. Recycling needs much less energy as compared to new materials. In addition, recycling or reusing reduces the number of products needed to be manufactured, hence using less energy. Another way of mitigating is forestation and reforestation. Due to the fact that trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and then store it, if more trees are planted, then more carbon dioxide will be absorbed from the atmosphere. In addition trees reduce flood effects as they act as barriers to run off waters hence reducing their destruction forces. Reducing emissions from industries by using cleaner fuels like bio-energy which is environmentally friendly is highly called for (Revkin, 2005). Geo-engineering has also been used to solve global warming problem. This has involved the use of different techniques like removal of CO2 from the atmosphere as well as reflecting incoming sunlight. Lastly introducing the concept of carbon tax has been proposed to help curb the problem although it has generated serious debates (Walter et al., 2006).Advertising Looking for essay on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion From the review of global warming, views from both sides of the divide have been brought forth. Strong arguments for and against the whole idea has been succinctly covered. The last section of the paper deals with the possible solutions that can be used to curb the problem. It is important to remember that despite the arguments for and against global warming the problem is real and calls for timely solutions. The Newspaper article The link to the article is https://www.nytimes.com/section/climate The newspaper talks of global warming being a serious problem. However it acknowledges that there a number of technological, economic as well as political that need to be resolved before the entire world embarks on collective effort to arrest the problem. Major causes of global warming are clearly brought to light. Similarly possible solutions have been proposed on how best to tackle the problem. References Gleick, P. (2001). Climate change in a warming World. New York: Californi a Water. Michael, J Nikkhah, R. 2004. The truth about global warming its the Sun thats to blame. London: Taylor Francis. Revkin, C. (2005 November 5). Rise in gases unmatched by a history in ancient ice. The New York Times. P. A2. Stern, N. (2007). The economics of climate change - the Stern Review. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Walter, K., et al (2006). Methane bubbling from Siberian thaw lakes as a positive feedback to climate warming. Nature, 443 (7107): 71–75.

Hum M3 meka Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hum M3 meka - Essay Example Besides the internal factors, there exist external influences such as culture, peer groups, career interest and living standards that contribute to the emotional status of an individual (Burns 11). Cognitive concept assesses the significance of thoughts and beliefs in shaping the behavior and values of an individual. Values are the ethical codes that define rational articulation of one’s ideas or deeds. Values aids in understanding why and how people behave as they do in specific situations. The integration of expectations, goals, values, and links to cognitive and behavioral competencies are crucial in assessing the emotional differences between man and animals. Social reputation and identity is comprised of previous actions, perceived responses from people and expected future behaviors. Norms and customs are internalized into habits, preferences, and expectations that are generalized across common situations in a human being’s life. From the assessment results, it is clear that an individual uses his or her cognitive component to assess various situations. This helps in developing solutions and responses to queries based on one’s reasoning. Emotional asp ect also takes a critical role in influencing the responses and self esteem (Branden

Internet-Based Company and IT Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Internet-Based Company and IT Systems - Essay Example For instance, Google recently introduced "Google My Business," a platform that gives companies the opportunity to interact with customers. The company uses this application to interact with customers. The "Google My Business" integrates a variety of tools, such as Google Maps, Search, Hangouts, Insights and Google +. These tools allow business to manage their online presence at once (Nassivera, 2014). Through My Business, companies can manage information and respond faster to customer reviews. Additionally, the service enables businesses to have easy access to data about customers and their engagements. This implies that businesses using the IT tool are able to engage easily with their customers and respond faster to their queries, thereby helping build better customer relations. My Business tool also enables companies to add photos and videos about their businesses and respond to customer reviews with a lot of ease. Moreover, companies using the My Business are able to connect to customers through Google Hangout and Google+, thereby helping companies interact better with their customers (Nassivera, 2014). In the end, the companies are able to maintain close contact with customers thereby helping build a better customer relation and loyalty. Nassivera, J. (2014, June 12). Google introduces My Business service to improve company and customer relationship. HNGN, p. 1

TalkTalk Telecom Group PLC Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

TalkTalk Telecom Group PLC - Coursework Example TalkTalk is a company that provides telecommunications, internet, and pay-television services and the headquarters of the company are established in London, United Kingdom (TalkTalkGroup.com). Initially the company was only a fixed landline provider but now the company also provides mobile phone, home phone and broadband services. The company is listed on the London Stock Exchange (TalkTalkGroup.com). Since the company is incorporated in the United Kingdom therefore the company is bound to fulfill the requirements of the regulations of the UK for the preparation of its annual report (TalkTalkGroup.com). Every company in the UK is required to follow the International Accounting Standards (IASs) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) developed by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Therefore, TalkTalk is also required to prepare its financial statements in accordance with the standards mentioned above. For each head in the financial statements, a specific accounting treatment has been prescribed in the IASs and IFRSs. There are a number of standards that deal with different heads in the financial statements. The financial statements of a company include; statement of comprehensive income, statement of financial position, statement of cash flows, statement of changes in equity and the notes to the financial statements. These five documents constitute the financial statements of a company. The statement of comprehensive income provides an extensive view of the revenue earned by the company, the cost incurred by the company throughout the financial year, the profits or loss made by the company. The accounting standards provide certain accounting treatments that are required to be followed for the preparation of the statement of comprehensive income. One of the most important requirements is the treatment regarding recognition of revenue. IAS 18 – Revenue provides the required accounting

Management Of Change Within Mcdoanlds Restaurant Business Essay

Management Of Change Within Mcdoanlds Restaurant Business Essay McDonalds is the worlds largest fast food chain serving more than eight million customers daily. It starts its operation by giving franchise right, affiliated company and starting its own unit. Source of revenue generations are rent, royalties received from franchise or sales units operated by McDonalds. Main products of McDonalds are hamburger, chicken, cheese burger, break fast item, soft drinks and deserts. It is rapidly growing organization; it generated 9% more net income in 2007 than the year 2006. In order to sustain its sell in the market and make company more profitable McDonalds is focusing to bring some changes. It is utmost priority of every organization that it should improve itself in order to strengthen its capabilities and sustain its competitive advantage. It strives for the attainment of this purpose in shape of introducing change management in the organization. In order to remain in the market with full potential management of the organization and lower staff must be ready to bring the change because environment is dynamic and it is rapidly changing and businesses are going to be complex. It is necessary for the organizations to bring changes to operate and keep itself competitive in this dynamic environment.   Business world is continuously changing and new technologies and innovative products have been introduced on daily basis and most of the organizations are accepting theses change even they are not willing to accept. It is because of change benefits, changes bring improvement. When a person accept change and cope up with changes and equipped himself / herself then he/ she bec omes different from other. His worth exceeds than that of the person who does not keep himself / herself up to date. If any employee enhances his/ her skill with new technology, his/ her efficiency increase, can perform better than previous, increase the productivity of the organization.    Thats why it has been observed in the most of the organizations that they adopt changes quickly because they understand the worth of change. They try to equip their employees with modern technology as their performance gets improved. Change is very important for every organization. Companies and business adopt change and incorporate it in their organization for fulfilling the needs of suppliers and customers and to remain competitive in market. We can define change as implementation of new activity; the main purpose of that activity is to enhance the productivity by applying new policies and procedures. Change management process and change implementation has different strategies to change, so the change process is very complex and comprehensive. The most important approach in change implementation process is one which brings accomplishment. Changes in organization are essential at different activates such as modification in management system, change in operations, change in organization structure and change in other activities which management may consider important. Change in necessary when management is facing problem in current system or for getting better the performance of the organization the management may modify the current system or implement change in any activity. The factors that may bring change may be internal and external. Different activities and different new strategies can be introduced tat different level, and these changes and modifications may be restricted or unrestricted, common or general in nature. Internal factors for change may include the following: Change in structure of organization Increase in business needs Alteration in business plan Modification in goals of business External factors for change may include: Technology growth Changes in economic conditions that affect the profitability or value of money Requirement of electronic and technological services It is the primary responsibility of the McDonalds to bring changes in order to achieve organizational goals and objective in effective manner, due to that it must plan from initial stage of change to proper implementation.   For the effective implementations of the change and successful results of the change organization must focus on Individuals and their relationships and continuous improvement system is introduced in which change is carried on properly. In order to improve the organization and bring change successfully, McDonald should consider the issues wisely and come up with positive solution that may break hinders. At each stage organization should take action to overcome the resistance and implement change properly. NEED FOR CHANGE The extent of the change management in McDonald as companys marking plans is restricted to execution of incorporated marketing communication. For bringing new things and new activities in organization, the marketing, advertising and promotional operations of the organization must be focused. Normally different communication mediums are used for marketing and advertising and considered as aid for offering services and ideas and products. Different kinds and different types of communication media are used for marketing and advertising the products. The concentration shall be given on marketing, advertising and promotion in integrated marketing operation. The part of new marketing plans of the McDonald, integrated marketing operation shall be highlighted by this change and new modification. The basic idea of the integrated market operations is to implement change related to health, which spread the information about current development in health and the increasing ration of fatness amon g children and adults for creating target marketing. The objective of integrated market operation is to launch new products for children, and to reduce the effect of growing bad perception about McDonald among the individuals. The marketing approach which focuses on the peoples heath will provide information to parents and children about the new product of McDonald McKids, and about differences between new product and existing products. If the integrated marketing communication system is successfully implemented, then it would provide successful marketing, advertising and public relations operations for efficiently introducing the new products of McDonald to general community. The organization should form a team for bringing new activities that would handle the necessary issues for this change. The new dietary material information of new product has also uploaded on McDonald (Bahrain) website. This change will mainly concentrate on marketing and sale promotion. Nowadays, the menu of McDonald for children has facing the problem of criticism. The integrated marketing communication has been implemented by the McDonald for changing the perception of people about the kid menu of McDonald. Through integrated marketing communication, it will also be ensured that the mission and vision that the McDonald is utilizing has been highlighted in every advertisement or promotion or not. RESISTANCE TO CHANGE It is the well known fact that when any organization brings changes, it faces difficulties while implementing these changes. Resistance may occur before implementing the change, during implementing the change and after implementing the change. thats why these changes are carefully managed as organizations can avoid adverse outcomes of the change because change is brought for the betterment of the organization and management expects some thing better from that change, if it is not properly implemented and it get victimized of extreme resistance then the expected result would be inverse.   It is the priority of the organization that it should manage the change proper way and for this purpose open talks with employees are conducted in order to know the view of the employees because change will directly effect on the employees and if they do not accept it, organization would not achieve desired results. Now it is the responsibility of top authorities to find out ways that can bring org anization up as well as they must terrace out he ways through which that change will be implemented successfully. McDonald is striving to encounter the environmental changes by bringing changes in its promotional activities, by making changes it can respond the external and internal factor that are rapidly changing. Change will be made in promotional activities in which organization will boost its image in the mind of customer. Because of that change McDonald is facing some problems to implement the change that is resistance from employees side. Problems that have been encountered by employees are misperception and negative reaction by the customer and employees, culture is not supporting for these changes. Major problem is reaction by employees and customer regarding the implementation of this change. a few of the employees are in favour of changes, they want that integrated marketing communication should be implemented. Others are resisting implementing that change. They are opposing change because they fear that company is going in wrong direction. They think company what ever is expecting would not attain it but it would encounter more problems due to this change. It is also a problem that those who suggested the change to be implemented are not able to properly convey the outcome the organization would gain from that change. Though technology is rapidly developing in these days, information technology has grown more rapidly than any other technology. specifically in the information technology, if organization purchases computers and uses it for marketing purpose as McDonald is expecting to bring the changes but the issue is that, with the passage of time these computer would be outdated and company will have to replace them. It may cause severe losses for the company. This issue has been raised not only by employees but also by customer thats why they are opposing to bring changes. This has created big issue for the McDonalds because it would not be able to achieve desired results that it is expecting from that change. Company may lose the key employees those who basically operate that change because due to resistance many of the employees may quit the McDonald and McDonald may require a number of other employees who can operate and run this change. It is purely technical task and only IT literate person can handle it. Every organization faces barrier when it comes with innovative idea as McDonald is going to implement new change it also facing barriers and organizations success depends upon the change. Barriers may not be in shape of resistance but they may be resources that required bringing change. Stakeholder may resist because they may not rely the proper usage of that communication media, there may short fall of amount because its implementation requires finance. MANAGING THE RESISTANCE It is the responsibility of McDonalds that how wisely it deals these issues because these issues are not as bigger as they are perceived, for this purpose it must ensure the employees that the change is not going to hurt them rather it would be beneficial for the organization and if organization will move in right direction then ultimate benefit will be given to employees.   Major problem that is with this change in technology that McDonald is going to introduce is not long lasting because computer is rapidly changing, the growth ration in this sector is high. So stakeholder fear that if this change is brought then it would not be the permanent solution, organization may have to change in future. Thats why it should be considered wisely that technology should perform long lasting duration. Information regarding the change will be provided to the employees would be accurate and every one can easily understand. Third issue that McDonalds have to ensure that after implementation how this program will be carried on, the follow up of this program will be ensured by the top authority of management. Necessary training must be provided to the employees who would directly interact with this change and handle all the activities that would occur after change. McDonalds should provide necessary things to carry on the functions that would be run by the employees. There are differences in cultures among the employees who are working in McDonalds. They would not synchronize the activities with the changes because of their differences in culture thats why it would be more difficult for the management of McDonalds to implement the change properly. Apart from that this is most difficult type of conflict; the reason for this conflict would not be change. While implementing the change McDonalds must ensure that who would be responsible to manage the change if any cultural difference is found it must be observed and they must terrace out subcultures to overcome this problem. They must identify that that would be empowered by this change. For solving these types of problems, the executives of McDonald should form a successful culture of the organization, and tough organization by the use of good control of the stakeholders in organization; they should also provide their needs and wants which they require for the motivation of stakeholders which benefit the stakeholders as well as company. For certifying or confirming the continued success in change implementation, some elements are part of human capital management strategy and plan. These elements include processes and procedures for work, design and structure of organization, management performance and program for providing compensation. Some of the customers of McDonald have also created problems in implementation of change in organization. The McDonald should introduce governance process for ensuring the equality among employees and controlling the people of different cultures. The managing and controlling of people in organization is very difficult and challenging task, if we give careful consideration, attention and focus, on it then it will increase loyalty of employees and hardworking which will benefit the organization and employees. If the management provide reasonable time, advance information, incremental peoples for doing job effectively and provide extra hands and minds then the employees work more than what is expected from them. The not availability of any support in achieving the success from processes is the main clash in execution of change. Change can be implemented in different phases; it can not be implemented just by any decision. The people which are involves in change process must go through their experiences for realizing the objectives of the modification. For success in implementing change and solve these types of clashes the management of McDonald should that the information regarding the change objectives and purposes has been properly distributed to all stakeholders and these all stakeholders such as employees, customers, suppliers, staff should realize that they are m ain source and vital for these changes. The management must be able to identify and predict problems which may be faced by organization and those problems may hamper the employees and other stakeholders from supporting the change. RECOMMENDATIONS To shifting the behaviour and perception of the children about healthy fast food may be very complicated, so success of these changes is very doubtful. There Is also indications to be successful in change implementation because of good features of integrated marketing communication. McDonald should ensure that the new advertisement for the new image has been reached to every child in all countries where the products of the company are available, for this the company may use different types of media that disperse the information. These new advertisements for building image of McDonald should also reach to the parent because these are the parents who purchase the food for their children, and these advertisements should persuade the parents to encourage their children for eating healthy and dietary food. There are many ways for changing and innovation, the more concentration is given to research and development. Novelty can be achieved by less formal changes in the job by exchanging and merging professional experience or other approaches may also be used. Innovation can be defined as new ides, new goods, new activities, new services or practices initiated by organization which are useful in achieving the objective of the business. Innovation is much debated area in modern world, whether the innovation is based on new knowledge or expertise or based on needs of societies or communities and market requirements. The common factor in successful innovation is acknowledgement of demands rather than acknowledgement of technical problems. This innovation will positively result for McDonald; it should try its level best to implement this change any way. For the implementation of this change if it has to encounter few problems its must concentrate on it and try to resolve this problem. There are many possibilities for the McDonalds that it would bring revolution in the food industry and will gain competitive advantage. Thought it is food producing company if it crates this promotional activity not only it would attract customer but also affects positively in the minds customers.   CONCLUSION It is utmost priority of every organization that it should improve itself in order to strengthen its capabilities and sustain its competitive advantage. It strives for the attainment of this purpose in shape of introducing change management in the organization. It is the primary responsibility of the McDonalds to bring changes in order to achieve organizational goals and objective in effective manner, due to that it must plan from initial stage of change to proper implementation.   The extent of the change management in McDonald as companys marking plans is restricted to execution of incorporated marketing communication. For bringing new things and new activities in organization, the marketing, advertising and promotional operations of the organization must be focused. Normally different communication mediums are used for marketing and advertising and considered as aid for offering services and ideas and products. Resistance may occur before implementing the change, during implementing the change and after implementing the change. thats why these changes are carefully managed as organizations can avoid adverse outcomes of the change because change is brought for the betterment of the organization and management expects some thing better from that change, if it is not properly implemented and it get victimized of extreme resistance then the expected result would be inverse.   Information regarding the change will be provided to the employees would be accurate and every one can easily understand. Third issue that McDonalds have to ensure that after implementation how this program will be carried on, the follow up of this program will be ensured by the top authority of management. This innovation will positively result for McDonald; it should try its level best to implement this change any way. For the implementation of this change if it has to encounter few problems its must concentrate on it and try to resolve this problem.

The Saving Grace of Madness Essays -- Character Analysis, Ophelia, Lae

Hamlet’s Ophelia tragically falls victim to the prevailing and unquestioned female stereotypes of her day. Trapping her within the type of the chaste and dutiful woman, Polonius strips Ophelia of her individual identity and silences her voice. He reduces her to a mere pawn, whoring her out to serve his own selfish agendas. It is only in madness that Ophelia is offered an unexpected respite from this puppetry, one that even the finality of death is unable to offer. When the reader first encounters Ophelia within Hamlet, she is speaking with Laertes, her brother, and Polonius, her father. From these interactions, Ophelia appears to be the true embodiment of what a woman was expected to be. She listens respectfully to her brother and father, speaking only twenty-one lines as opposed to their combined one hundred and twenty. She dutifully responds to their advice: â€Å"I shall the effect of this good lesson keep† (1.3 l.49) and â€Å"I shall obey, my lord† (1.4 l. 145). Yet aside from this expected and somewhat boring picture, the reader learns little of Ophelia. In response to the play’s call to â€Å"Stand and unfold yourself† (1.1 l.2), Ophelia appears to have nothing to say. However, while Polonius is satisfied with this one-dimensional and limited picture of his daughter, the reader should not be. According to the early 17th century context of Shakespeare’s Hamlet, â€Å"chastity was the quality most frequently praised in women† as it directly influenced and determined male honor. Thus, Polonius’ command to Ophelia that she â€Å"not slander any moment leisure as to give words or talk with the Lord Hamlet† (1.4 142-143) cannot be read simply as the words of a loving father concerned with the fragility of his daughter’s heart. Rather, it must be r... ...ng more than the goaded words of boy eager to prove his manhood. King Claudius’ response is no better, using Laerte’s grief over Ophelia’s death to motivate his revenge: â€Å"Strengthen your patience in our last night’s speech†¦We’ll put the matter to the present push. This grave shall have a living monument†¦Til then in patience our proceeding be† (5.1 ll. 313-314;317; 319). Thus, once again Ophelia emerges as the scapegoat – her death guilty of motivating the deaths of Hamlet, Laertes, Gertrude, and Claudius. While Hamlet indeed comes to a tragic close, it is an ending dominated by men. Fortinbras arrives on the scene in all his manliness, commanding that Hamlet be born â€Å"like a soldier to the stage,† restored to his prior, sane identity. Ophelia however, goes unmentioned, faded from the memory of Denmark, her â€Å"monument† never constructed as King Claudius promised.

Business Should Always Be Ethically and Socially Responsible

Corporate scandals in business world have been more and more common, which damages the interest and profits of stakeholders, employers, community or society. The corporate scandals pull the public to focus on the ethic of managers and the firm itself. Comparing to the past, customers are focusing more and more on the reputation of the firms and they prefer to select the brands that are environmentally friendly and socially responsible when they buy products or service.This change pushes firms to maintain their reputations with more efforts. Corporate social responsibility has been a hot topic in business world today, which is an important part of building brand image while brand image is a value for firms. This essay holds the statement that business should always be ethically and socially responsible. Firstly, it gives the several definitions of business ethic and corporate social responsibility briefly. Subsequently, it outlines the pros and coins for addressing corporate social re sponsibility.Following this, it discusses the negative effects caused by corporate scandals with several real cases likeToyota, Bernard Madoff and Enron. Finally it discusses the benefits when business is ethically and socially responsible with the examples of Procter & Gamble and Li Ka-shing. Definitions of business ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility Ethics is the code of values and principles to govern people’s behaviours to verdict what is right or wrong. Business ethic is the application of personal moral in commercial enterprise.Comparing to the vague definition of business ethics, the definition of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is clearer. As stated by The World Business Council for Sustainable Development(2014), corporate social responsibility is the commitment of business to contribute to the economic development and the welfare of employees and the family, the community and the whole society. European Commission (2014) defines this concept as follow: the firms integrate concerns of social and environment with stakeholders in the economic decisions and actions voluntarily.The definitions of business ethics and corporate social responsibility state that business firms are acting ethically and socially responsible means in the economic operations they should consider the interests of stakeholders, environment and society and they should concern the welfare of employees and the family instead of concerning only the profits of firms and personal interest. The proponents of CSR include the moral obligation, license to operate, sustainability and reputation (Porter, 2004).According to Lahovnik (2008), there are three levels of corporate social responsibility. The first level is the obligation to meet the material for shareholders, employees, customers, creditorsand suppliers. The second level is the responsibility to benefit the human resource of community and avoid the damage to environment. The last one is the responsibility to the s ociety. Even though there is not clear definition how far firms should address the social responsibility, there is indeed a fact that firms should take the social responsibility in their economic operations.Against and For Corporate Social Responsibility There is a hot debating on whether firms should address their corporate social responsibility or not. For the objectors, business is just business that maximize profits is the economic responsibility of management instead of being the social role in society. The social problems should not be resolved by firms and firms are not designed to handle these issues. Corporate social responsibility could be an important tool wielded by firms.Stated by The Wall Street Journal, the addressing of CSR may be anillusion and a dangerous one because when there is a conflict between private profit and social interest; firms tend to select the former one (Karnani,2010). Even though the firms say they are doing the projects with charity purposes, the investment or cost of these projects may be owned by other ways, which may harm the interest of environment or society. Different from the objectors, there are a variety of reasons to support the idea that firms should address the corporate social responsibility and be ethical.The first reason is that the human and social problems are largely led by industrialization and business firms own the social resource that business has the obligation to reduce and solve these issues. Firms have been important parts of the society and they own a huge resource, which means they also carry the obligation to solve the problems in the society especially these problems led by their economic operations. The second reason is that business firms can get benefits from addressing corporate social responsibility.CSR directly benefits the financial bottom line and improve the competitiveness of firms. CSR can enhance reputation and brand image of firms. The survey of PWC 2002 showed that 90% of responde nts said that corporate social responsibility can enhance the corporate reputation. The 2002 Cone Corporate Citizenship Study also showed that 84 percent of American would change brands to those with good reputation in the similar price and quality (Kotler and Lee 2005).When companies address corporate social responsibility, it will bring positive impacts on retention, recruitment and motivations of employees for the firms. For example, Timberland is always encouraging its employees to offer community service called Path of Service, which has been ranked by Fortune and Timberland is named as one of the 100 Best Companies to Work For (Provictus, 2012). The third reason is the social benefits brought by business firms when they address corporate social responsibility and act ethically.When business firms act ethically, the firms can reduce the negative impacts on stakeholders, employees, customers and the society, which will be discussed below with real cases. When business firms perf ormance well in CSR, they can bring huge benefits to the investors, stakeholders, customers, community and society, which will be discussed below with examples as well. Negative Effects of Corporate Scandals When business firms or managers of firms act unethically and ignore their corporate social responsibility, the negative effects can outburst internally and externally.The negative effects of corporate scandals can influence the reputation of firms, the interests of stakeholders, employees, customers, environment and society. In 2009, Toyota recalled over 9 million cars over the world in two separate recalls because of the quality issue, which led to billions of dollars in operating losses andcharges. The reputation of top quality in car industry faced a heavy hit globally. Even though Toyota would not collapse completely, the reputation was threatened, which has been built through decades (Connor, 2010).The share price dropped down and customers distrusted Toyota in quality. The unethical action of Toyota to produce unsafe cars pulled Toyota in a dangerous place that it brought side effects on the reputation globally, which definitely reduced its market share and sales globally. In June 2009, the unethical behavior of Bernard Madoff damaged the interest of investors by using the Ponzi scheme. The similar case with Bernard Madoff exist more in business world, which brings huge side effects to investors. As a top audit firm, Enron met the corporate scandal.Enron lied about the profits and the success of Enron was brought by creative accounting. In 2013, the building collapse of Rana Plaza killed more than 1,100 people and this event involved many famous clothes brands into corporate scandals. Wal-Mart is one of them because it received clothes from Banned Bangladesh Factories, which has been defined as unethical operation (Grabell, 2013). The unethical behaviours of Wal-Mart damaged the interest of workers in Banned Bangladesh Factories. Meanwhile, Wal-Martà ¢â‚¬â„¢s brand image has been affected because Wal-Mart is treated as a firm with social responsibility.In 2010, BAE Systems plc (BAES) pleaded guilty for overseas corruption (The United States Department of Justice, 2010). The real cases that business firms or managers act unethically without corporate social responsibility are more than these mentioned above over the world. The side effects of these corporate scandals are widely spread. The corporate scandals can hurt the reputation of firms, the interests of investors and stakeholders, welfare of employees, the life damage or property losses of customers and the damage of environment.The side effects are so great that the society urges that the business should always be ethically and socially responsible. Positive Effects of Acting Ethically and Socially Responsible The positive effects of acting ethically and socially responsible support the statement that business should always be ethically and socially responsible. Just like t his essay stated above, there are various benefits firms and the whole society can get when firms address the corporate social responsibility and act ethically.Procter & Gamble is an excellent case of multinational firms that address corporate social responsibility well. There are few corporate scandals of Procter & Gamble in business world. Instead, there are many pieces of news on how Procter & Gamble is an excellent citizen in business world that addresses corporate social responsibility well. For example, Procter & Gamble provides PUR technology to purify dirty water for people in Africa and helps kids to live and get education (Procter &Gamble, 2013).Children’s Safe Drinking Water Program (CSDW) has reached over 70 countries to save tens of thousands of lives (Procter & Gamble, 2014a). Apart from this;Procter & Gamble (2013) donated money and encouraged employees to help the poor kids to get education in China. To protect environment, Procter & Gamble(2014b) is committed to design recycled products with innovation. Procter & Gamble (2014c) is also trying to make zero waste a reality from manufacturing and designing. There is no report on how Procter & Gamble benefit from addressing its corporate social responsibility.However, Procter & Gamble build its great reputation in business world globally. The reputation enhances the brand image of Procter & Gamble and meanwhile it increases the sales of Procter & Gamble the cohesion of employees in the firm. The investors may tend to join in Procter & Gamble because Procter & Gamblehas great corporate citizenship. In addition to Procter & Gamble, Coca Cola, Pepsi and other multinational firms are doing greatly in addressing the corporate social responsibility and get benefits from it even though it takes some cost.The money used in corporate social responsibility is another form of investment, which will come out profits with intangible asset. In China, there is a famous rich person called Li Ka-shing, who is always acting ethically and socially responsible. Because of his ethical business behavior and good morality, Li Ka-shing built his reputation and the reputation of his firm in business world, which has contributed a lot to his success. Meanwhile, the ethical behavior of Li Ka-shing avoided the side effects on the stakeholders, employees, customers and society.From the real case of Procter & Gamble and Li Ka-shing, it shows that when business firms or businessmen act ethically and socially responsible, they get payback with good reputation and brand image, which will be switched to products sales and intangible asset. This supports the idea that why business should always be ethically and socially responsible. Conclusion In conclusion, business should always be ethically and socially responsible because the negative efforts of corporate scandals can hurt the interest of society while the impact of acting ethically and socially responsible can be positive to the society.The essay provides the definition of business ethics and corporate social responsibility to outline how firms and managers are acting ethically and socially responsible. Subsequently, it offers two sides for the argument whether firms should address corporate social responsibility to support the thesis of this essay. The real cases of corporate scandals show the results and side effects when firms behave unethically in economic operations to urge the need to be ethically and socially responsible.Meanwhile, the real cases of Procter & Gamble and Li Ka-shing show that when firms or businessmen behave ethically and socially responsible, they can get payback in economy as well and the address corporate society will benefit the investors, employees, community, customers and environment. The negative impacts of acting unethically and the positive impacts of firms’ acting ethically and socially responsible to the firms, community and environment finally support the idea that business should a lways be ethically and socially responsible.

The Circulatory System Essay Example

The Circulatory System Essay Example The Circulatory System Paper The Circulatory System Paper General Functions   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The circulatory system is the body’s main transport network and cooling system (De Graff, 1998). The human body needs many external substances to survive. We need air, food, and water. However, these substances are not readily absorbed by the body through initial intake. For example, food that is eaten and digested is not yet used to fuel the body’s billions of cells. The nutrients that have been processed need to be transported to each cell in the body in order for them to be used. This is one of the jobs of the circulatory system. The circulatory system is tasked with carrying the important substances that the body needs where they are needed (Hillendale Health, 2007). Furthermore, the system is also responsible for carrying some of the wastes from the cells such as carbon dioxide, away from the cells to be expelled by the body (Delos Johnson, 2006). This cycle of carrying nutrients to body cells and carrying wastes from th em is a way by which the system contributes to the maintenance of physiological homeostasis. Another way that it contributes to homeostasis is by helping maintain the temperature of the body. Without oxygen to burn, the cells in the body will become cold and eventually die (Delos Johnson, 2006). Thus, oxygenated blood carries oxygen to the cells and releases it in order to maintain homeostatic temperature. Last but not the least, the circulatory system also maintains homeostasis by fighting off outside threats that have infiltrated the body. White blood cells which also travel through the system fight back diseases and help keep the body healthy and they need the circulatory system for them to be able to reach the places in the body where particular bacteria are doing damage (Delos Johnson, 2007). Interactions with other organ systems   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When we eat food or drink water, it enters our body through our digestive system and is processed in the stomach. Afterwards, the processed food is transported through the small intestines where it is further digested. The small intestine’s inner walls are covered with microscopic finger-like projections called villi which are primarily responsible for taking the nutrients from the digested food and transferring them to the bloodstream where they are carried to the rest of the body (Maton et. al., 1993). Thus, the digestive system and the circulatory system work closely together to nourish the body with food and drink. The circulatory system also works closely with the respiratory system. We take in air through our nose and from there it travels to our lungs. From there, pulmonary arteries which are a part of the circulatory system carries oxygen-depleted blood to absorb more oxygen while releasing the carbon dioxide that it has accumulated from the cells that it delivered nutrients to (Maton et. al., 1993). Of course, the circulatory system takes blood containing nutrients and oxygen to other organ systems of the body in order to enable them to continue functioning. The blood carries nutrients to our muscles, our sensory organs, our brain, and all other parts of our body that need it (Maton, 2003). Parts and functions The Heart   It is a powerful muscle that pumps the blood through the entire circulatory system (Hillendale Health, 2007). The Blood It is the main substance that flows throughout the circulatory system. There are red blood cells and white blood cells that both travel through the circulatory system (Hillendale Health, 2007). Plasma which is the liquid part of the blood carries both these blood cells through the system (Hillendale Health, 2007). The red blood cells carry nutrients from the small intestine and oxygen from the lungs to the cells all over the body (Hillendale Health, 2007). They are also the ones that carry carbon dioxide away from body cells and back to the lungs to be released as waste (Hillendale Health, 2007). The white blood cells travel to areas where harmful germs are infecting body cells and fight those foreign elements to keep the body healthy (Hillendale Health, 2007). There are also platelets found in the bloodstream which acts to help stop bleeding whenever the body gets wounded (Hillendale Health, 2007). For example, whenever we cut ourselves on some sharp object and bleed, the platelets stick to where we cut ourselves and attract more platelets to do the same. This plugs out the wound so that the bleeding stops. The Blood Vessels The blood vessels are the tubes where the blood passes through. There are three types of blood vessels which are arteries, veins, and capillaries (Hillendale Health, 2007). The arteries are blood vessels that carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart while veins carry blood back to the heart (Hillendale Health, 2007). Capillaries are very tiny blood vessels that serve as connections between arteries and veins (Hillendale Health, 2007). The Heart: A closer look   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The human heart is found in the middle of the thorax with its largest part slightly situated to the left just beneath the breastbone (Maton et. al., 1993). It is a mesh of muscle cells that are joined together by contiguous cytoplasmic bridges (Maton et. al., 1993). Tissues found on the heart’s walls are unique because they have qualities both of smooth muscle tissues and skeletal muscle tissues. The heart is covered by a protective sac called the pericardium (Maton et. al., 1993). The pericardium itself is composed of two parts. The fibrous pericardium is made of dense fibrous connective tissue that serves as the heart’s outer protection while the serous pericardium contains fluid that eases friction generated by heart contractions thus protecting the heart from friction caused by its own beating (Maton et. al., 1993). The right atrium is situated on the right side of the heart where the veins carrying deoxygenated blood are found. This is so that the right atrium can collect the deoxygenated blood and pass it through the heart which pumps it by the right ventricle to the lungs to be oxygenated once more (Maton et. al., 1993). After the blood is oxygenated by the lungs, it goes back to the heart through the left atrium and is pumped by the heart through the left ventricle to the rest of the body. It should be noted that the muscle wall that surrounds the left ventricle is thicker than the wall surrounding the right ventricle. This is because it is harder to pump blood to the rest of the body than to just pump it to the lungs and back (Maton et. al., 1993). Hence, thicker muscle means that the left ventricle is more powerful in pumping blood than the right ventricle. Hypertensive heart disease   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This diseases pertains to complications caused by arterial hypertension that affects the heart (eMedicine, 2007). Arterial hypertension which is more commonly known as high blood pressure is a condition wherein the pressure of the blood being pumped through the circulatory system is steadily increasing (eMedicine, 2007). This happens due to a variety of factors. Excessive intake of fat can clog up arteries and thus make it more difficult for blood to pass through. Thus, this makes the pressure of blood passing through the arteries increase. Because of the heightened pressure, the arterial walls are subjected to greater strain (Lip et. al., 2000). This can be imagined by visualizing a hose whose channel has been partially blocked. Fluid passing through that hose exerts more pressure on the hose walls and threatens to rupture the hose. In the same way, too much clogging in the arteries can cause pressure to build so much that it could ruptur e the arteries. Once this condition is elevated to dangerous levels, the heart gets affected by the imbalance in the pressure and hypertensive heart disease is developed (Lip et. al., 2000). The disease causes the heart to be strained more and more and may eventually cause it to breakdown and fail. The pressure can also burst blood vessels which can also damage the system. People suffering from this disease are easily fatigued due to the excessive work that the heart is coping with from the increased blood pressure (eMedicine, 2007). They would also have an irregular pulse, have difficulty sleeping, and feel a greater need to urinate at night (eMedicine 2007). If not treated with appropriate medicine, proper exercise and a good diet, hypertensive heart disease can lead death and is in fact one of the leading causes of death in the country (eMedicine, 2007). References De Graaff, V. (1998). Human Anatomy, 5th edition. WCB McGraw-Hill. Delos Johnson, D. (2006). The Circulatory System. Retrieved May 22, 2008 from: globalclassroom.org/hemo.html eMedicine. (2007). Hypertensive Heart Disease. Retrieved May 22, 2008 from: emedicine.com/med/topic3432.htm Hillendale Health. (2007). Circulatory System. Retrieved May 22, 2008 from: http://hes.ucfsd.org/gclaypo/circulatorysys.html Lip, G., Felmeden, D., Li-Saw-Hee, F., and Beevers, D. (2000). â€Å"Hypertensive heart disease. A complex syndrome or a hypertensive cardiomyopathy?† European Heart Journal. no. 21 p. 1653–1665. Hopkins, J., McLaughlin, C., Johnson, S., Warner, M., LaHart, D., and Wright, J. (1993). Human Biology and Health. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Free Essays on Sausage Essay

The modern word "sausage" is derived from the Latin salsus, meaning salted. The term was originally only applied to cured or salted meats generally, but has since taken on a whole slew of different sausages. Hundreds of years ago, people did not have refrigeration to preserve their meat, so making sausage was a way of overcoming this problem. The manufacturing of sausages began over two thousand years ago, and it is still a growing industry. While some of its basic practices are almost as old as civilization, the industry is constantly changing because of new and helpful technological and scientific advances in our society. For example, dry sausage was born as a result of the discovery of new spices, which helped to enhance flavors and preserve the meat, plus dry sausage does not need refrigeration. Different countries and different cities within those countries started producing their own distinctive types of sausage, both fresh and dry. These different types of sausage were mostly influenced by the availability of ingredients as well as the climate. Basically people living in particular areas developed their own types of sausage and that sausage became associated with the area, and also often times named after the area. For example Bologna originated in the town of Bologna in Northern Italy, Lyons sausage from Lyons in France, and Berliner sausage from Berlin in Germany. Due to the overwhelming amount of sausage types around today, the culinary industry has divided them into certain sections, or types. These types are fresh sausage, uncooked smoked sausage, cooked sausage, dry sausage, cooked smoked sausage, cooked meat specialties. These â€Å"categories† are the basic categories for all sausages. In many other countries, the culinarians have even classified these groups down further, adding such types as: British sausages, Italian sausages, Bratwurst, summer sausage/Salami/Beer Sticks, and Liver Sausage/Braunschweig... Free Essays on Sausage Essay Free Essays on Sausage Essay The modern word "sausage" is derived from the Latin salsus, meaning salted. The term was originally only applied to cured or salted meats generally, but has since taken on a whole slew of different sausages. Hundreds of years ago, people did not have refrigeration to preserve their meat, so making sausage was a way of overcoming this problem. The manufacturing of sausages began over two thousand years ago, and it is still a growing industry. While some of its basic practices are almost as old as civilization, the industry is constantly changing because of new and helpful technological and scientific advances in our society. For example, dry sausage was born as a result of the discovery of new spices, which helped to enhance flavors and preserve the meat, plus dry sausage does not need refrigeration. Different countries and different cities within those countries started producing their own distinctive types of sausage, both fresh and dry. These different types of sausage were mostly influenced by the availability of ingredients as well as the climate. Basically people living in particular areas developed their own types of sausage and that sausage became associated with the area, and also often times named after the area. For example Bologna originated in the town of Bologna in Northern Italy, Lyons sausage from Lyons in France, and Berliner sausage from Berlin in Germany. Due to the overwhelming amount of sausage types around today, the culinary industry has divided them into certain sections, or types. These types are fresh sausage, uncooked smoked sausage, cooked sausage, dry sausage, cooked smoked sausage, cooked meat specialties. These â€Å"categories† are the basic categories for all sausages. In many other countries, the culinarians have even classified these groups down further, adding such types as: British sausages, Italian sausages, Bratwurst, summer sausage/Salami/Beer Sticks, and Liver Sausage/Braunschweig...